Fort, vesting en -onderdelen, Fortweg bij 9

English translation

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Description

Cluster 49.

Introduction

BOMB-PROOF SHELTER E of a type of bomb-proof structures which are provided with earth covering on three sides and on top and have only a visible facade on the throat side. With the increase in range of artillery, the force of projectile impacts and the explosive power of (brisant) grenades, it became increasingly difficult to resist attacks. Reinforcement of brickwork, application of shock-absorbing masonry systems (among other things by means of arches), shallow inclines and curved or pointed shapes, use of concrete - and later reinforced concrete - in increasingly heavy execution, was one way to keep the fortification works resistant to increasing attack force. Furthermore, the application of earth coverings proved to be a good means of absorbing or dampening energy. This is the reason why many masonry or concrete works were provided with an earth layer or frontal protection of sand or earth. Depending on the period of construction - and thus the expected impact force of projectiles - the term 'bomb-proof buildings' was used, when they were considered to be able to withstand a predefined number of impacts from heavy calibre.

Description

BOMB-PROOF SHELTER E, dating from 1878-1880, which is located in the earth wall between flank batteries A and B and behind the bomb-proof barracks F. The mortared facade consists of a straight wall with chamfered top corners. In the middle is an altered entrance. Originally the entrance consisted of a round-arched, double wooden door. Now the door is closed with a concrete lintel. Above this is a three-storey round-arched relieving arch.

Valuation

The BOMB-PROOF SHELTER E of the Fort bij 't Hemeltje is of general importance because of:

* Cultural-historical values as part of the Nieuwe Hollandse Waterlinie as designed by C.R.T. Kraijenhoff and initially realised from 1815 onwards by him, Jan Blanken and Major-Engineer Willem Offerhaus and subsequently strengthened and improved by others over approximately 125 years.

* Military-historical values as part of a continuous military defence line between the former Zuiderzee and the Biesbosch. This consisted mainly of a coherent system of inundation fields and associated inundation facilities and shooting fields. This system was supplemented with various types of built or constructed defence works dating from different periods which served to or contributed to the closure of non-inundatable terrain or other accesses.

* Architectural-historical values in particular as an expression of military-strategic building technique, which is based on: - the system of inundation and access defence (19th century), - the race with increasingly powerful offensive weapons (19th century).

This concerns an example of a bomb-proof structure from the years 1878-1880.

* Ensemble value and situational values as part of the Nieuwe Hollandse Waterlinie. Also because of the functional and physical coherence with the other components of the complex.

* The component is representative (characteristic) because it is a good example of a bomb-proof structure that served as a shelter.

* The component is reasonably well preserved because despite an alteration in architecture and detailing it has retained various features from the building and functional period.