Historische aanleg, Raaphorst bij 2

English translation

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Description

Introduction

HISTORIC PARK LAYOUT in Landscape style, belonging to the country estate Raaphorst, together with Ter Horst and Eikenhorst forms part of the Horsten, an extensive landed property that acquired its present size around the middle of the 19th century. After mr. A.P. Twent purchased the Paauw in 1770, he acquired the country estate Raaphorst, located on the other side of the Rijksstraatweg, as an adjacent property in 1783. He was responsible for the ground improvements and afforestation of the broad sandy strip along the Rijksstraatweg with beeches, oaks, maples, Italian poplars, willows, elms, pines and rowans. Additionally, he engaged in sheep breeding and built, among other things, a farm. Around 1800 Twent had the house De Paauw enlarged. The first Early Landscape layout at De Paauw and the Raaphorst, which functioned as an adjacent garden, dates from this period and is attributed to J.D. Zocher sr. Using the existing sandy strip watercourses, several small lobular water features were created. The open meadow surrounding the service dwelling provided a visual connection with the Paauw. The artificially raised hills, namely the Seringenberg (1792) and a (now vanished) second tea pavilion in the sight line from the house, also date from this period.

After H.R.H. Prince Frederik of the Netherlands acquired Ter Horst and De Paauw in 1838, the country estates Eikenhorst (1845), Backershagen (1846) and finally Groot Haesebroek (1854) were added. In 1852 Prince Frederik employed the German garden architect C.E.A. Petzold (1815-1891), who worked between 1854 and 1858 on the unification of the various landed properties. Characteristic of this is the large-scale layout in Landscape style and the creation of the Umfahrungsweg (circulation route) along the various attractions and houses in the different parks. To this end, he made use of existing historical structures from earlier centuries and transformed the early landscape style of Zocher into a more mature style. Thus he enlarged, among other things, the already existing water feature in the north corner and relocated some small islands. His preference for flowering shrubs is evident in the use of rhododendrons and the planting of lilacs on an already existing hill.

Description

Landscape park, originally functioning as an adjacent garden to De Paauw, where the vista to the west of the service dwelling, Rijksstraatweg 519, towards De Paauw plays an important role. The terrain, particularly accidented on the southwest side, consists among other things of various tree groups and woodlands with lobular edges, a large water feature, various meadows, ditches and winding walking paths that extend along the entire country estate, interspersed with meadows of the Raaphorst polder. Through the special composition of the components and the varied arrangement of colours in the planting, sight lines with strong perspectival effect have been created in the park. In the eastern section, the historical plot division structure is virtually entirely preserved near the meadows and copses. The Umfahrungsweg, which runs via the copses, connects with Ter Horst. The central element in the composition of the park is the large water feature and the spacious vista towards the south, which has the character of a streamlet valley, created by excavating a sandy strip watercourse into a stream. The boathouse located on the south bank offers a panoramic view of the picturesque silhouette created by the tree plantings surrounding the water feature executed with lobular projections. In the water feature lie two islands planted with trees. The meadow on the east bank likewise offers a broad view over the water, and originally also of the service dwelling Rijksstraatweg 519. The open meadow on the west side forms a connection with the vista towards De Paauw and the streamlet valley, which also has a branch extending southward. After a narrowing, the streamlet valley ends in a second open area with an artificially raised hill on the western edge, the Seringenberg. A path flanked by monumental beeches leads to a pavilion on the top of the hill planted with lilacs, which also offers a panoramic view. A bridge on the southern edge over the streamlet offers an impressive prospect of the streamlet valley. From the Seringenberg, an important sight line runs via a vista through the wood towards Ter Horst. The present entrance on the Papeweg is located to the east of the original entrance and is marked by an access gate. Where this new path meets the paved, original entrance road, there is a fork in the paths. From here the original entrance is recognizable as a yew-lined avenue, flanked in the southwest direction by various monumental oak trees. The path in the westerly direction, partly surfaced with clinkers and ijsselstenen, is a winding path around the water feature as part of the Umfahrungsweg and leads to a point where originally there was a crossing to De Paauw. The route from the intersection in the easterly direction leads via a straight path along the castle's surrounding ditch, via a service dwelling (Raephorst 1) to a likewise paved winding walking path in the southeast direction through the woodlands towards Ter Horst. Furthermore a winding path runs along the southeast edge of the water feature around the streamlet valley, via the Seringenberg. In the western woodland section various unsurfaced paths run, one of which leads to a crossing to Backershagen. The path emerges at the Horstlaan, towards the adjacent country estate Eikenhorst.

The planting dates for a large part from the time of the original layout, with predominantly deciduous trees used such as various types of oak, beech, interspersed with yew, holly and rhododendron. Characteristic is the presence of groups of conifers, which are known to have been actively planted by P.A. Twent. At strategic points small tree groups and solitary specimens (oak, beech, lime and chestnut) are scattered, including some very old trees, such as at the path fork near the two barns.

Valuation

The historic park layout of Raaphorst is of general importance because of its cultural and garden-historical value as an important example of an originally older park and garden layout which was integrated in the nineteenth century into the extensive landed property of H.R.H. Prince Frederik of the Netherlands.

The historic park and garden layout of Raaphorst is of general importance because of its garden-historical value as a very important component of an extensive park in Landscape style designed by C.E.A. Petzold and forms part of the country estate De Horsten. The park layout in Landscape style of this has been well preserved in its essentials with the characteristic elements for the oeuvre of the garden architect C.E.A. Petzold. Characteristic of this is the spatial structure with strong perspectival effect in the composition of the components, the special colour use of the lobular-laid planting, the circular walks, water features and the strong visual relationship between the park layout and the main house. Because Petzold integrated the older structure into his park layout, the (17th and 18th-century) Formal and the (Late-18th, Early-19th-century) Early Landscape layout by J.D. Zocher sr and jr., are still recognizable in their essentials.

The historic park Raaphorst, as part of the extensive country estate the Horsten, which in turn forms a single whole with, among others, De Paauw, Backershagen and Groot Haesebroek, occupies an important place within the oeuvre of C.E.A. Petzold, who created here a complete Landscape style concept with among other things an Umfahrungsweg. In this regard, there is also a matter of rarity value.

The landscape main structure is fairly intact and recognizable in its essential form with regard to water features, open spaces and planting.

The park is of urban planning and landscape importance as part of De Horsten, which in turn forms part of the landed estate zone on either side of the Rijksstraatweg and which continues to the Veurseweg.

The park has ensemble value because of the spatial and functional relationship with component parts on the Horsten.