Historische aanleg, Leeuwenlaan 42

English translation

The text above is the record as published by the Rijksdienst voor het Cultureel Erfgoed, in Dutch. The English below is a machine translation made by TreeAlive, not by the Rijksdienst voor het Cultureel Erfgoed; it has not been checked by a person. Where the two differ, the original is the record. Report a translation error: privacy@treealive.com

Description

HISTORICAL GARDEN AND PARK LAYOUT. Restrained park layout in landscape style from the first half of the 19th century or partly from the end of the 18th century on a formal basis and with retention of a number of formal elements. The history of the layout of the park of Jagtlust goes back to the reclamation of the 's-Graveland polder. Around 1640, among other things, a wood bank and boundary ditch were laid out on the east side of the polder to protect the grounds against possible intruders and loose livestock. This wood bank (now planted with 19th-century oak and beech) and boundary ditch has been partly preserved in the layout at Jagtlust. The bank, over which a winding path was laid out in the 19th century, borders on the west side of the vegetable garden. The northern half of the bank was excavated in 1794 by Hendrik Otto Arntzenius, the then owner of Jagtlust, in connection with the operation of a shipyard, which bordered the boundary ditch at the height of the gardener's house (a small boat house there still recalls the former presence of the yard here). The boundary ditch runs along this bank over the entire depth of the park of Jagtlust and formed the division between the country estate Jagtlust and Heilust until 1820; in the latter year Heilust definitively became part of Jagtlust.

The rectangular plot directly to the east of this bank, on which the country estate Jagtlust would subsequently be built, was laid out around 1670, when this plot formed part of the so-called Trompenveld. Cornelis Tromp excavated the ground in question on the SE side of 's-Graveland to the level of the 's-Graveland polder and marked the east side of this ground by laying out a wood bank and a boundary ditch. This wood bank and wide ditch border the landscape-style park of Jagtlust on the east side to this day. This eastern boundary bank (now planted with 18th- or early 19th-century oaks, 19th-century and 20th-century oak, beech and acacia) in the park of Jagtlust, over which a winding path was laid out in the 19th century, forms an important screen in the view from the house in the landscape-style park. In the 18th century the ground to the east of this bank was also excavated. The meadow laid out in this century forms an important view in the walk over the last-mentioned bank and belongs to the historical layout. This layout is marked by the row of trees (now beeches, 19th-century) on the east side of this meadow. The meadow already belonged to Jagtlust in 1794 (see Contributions Source Research Jagtlust, p. 6). Halfway along the eastern boundary bank there is a bridged plastered culvert for the livestock from the meadow on the east side to a drinking place at the boundary ditch. The small allotments on the north side of this meadow are of subordinate importance for protection. Before 1833 a small-scale landscape-style park was laid out at Jagtlust. This layout, which took place by means of a fairly simple infilling of the formal structure of the park, has been completely preserved and is indicated on the 1833 map of Jagtlust (see Contributions Source Research Jagtlust, fig. 6). Just to the east of the house, the ditch on the north side of the meadow, at the site of the former Trompenveld, was extended into a meandering arm in a southerly direction, which ends just north of the vegetable garden in a spacious curve with a round bowl. With the earth made available, a small hill was constructed just to the southeast of the house. South of this a small winding woodland was laid out, which has also been completely preserved. To enliven the view from the house onto the said meadow, a small group of trees was planted approximately in the middle of the meadow, of which the present solitary oak is still the remnant. From the same considerations, between the water feature and the hill the still existing tulip tree and the marsh cypress were planted, unless the latter was planted after 1861, when Jan Pieter Six had purchased the country estate. On the wood-planted slope (now planted with yew, rhododendrons, beech, acacia, oak) between the north side of the meadow and the Leeuwenlaan, the present winding path was laid out, which branches off to the south on the east side over the eastern boundary bank. The slope is perhaps of 17th-century origin. In the thirteenth condition of the Plot Conditions of 's-Graveland published in 1634, the plot owners are obliged to provide the Leeuwenlaan on both sides of a bank (see Contributions Source Research 's-Graveland and its Country Estates, no. 15, p. 13). On the west side of the slope the path connects to the winding path along the foot of the said hill. On the south side of the hill is a 19th-century oak group. The monumental linden directly on the west side of the house was also planted in this period, if it is not of older date. The group of trees (beech and plane) planted on a small hill at the SE corner of the vegetable garden, presumably also dates from the time when the landscape-style park layout was realized at Jagtlust.

The rectangular vegetable garden surrounded by a wooden fence was probably laid out in 1824, when the country estate was owned by Teunis Helmich Backer. In the back wall of the western grape house located in the vegetable garden the year 1824 is written with the initials of his little daughter Adriana Jacoba Backer. The vegetable garden is indicated on the 1833 map of Jagtlust, as is the orchard situated on the east side of the vegetable garden on an elongated rectangular basis. In this orchard, which was perhaps laid out at the same time as the vegetable garden, there are still a few standard fruit trees.

Perhaps the said landscape-style layout was created in the time of Teunis Helmich Backer, who acquired Jagtlust in 1820. It is also possible that this layout was already realized at the end of the 18th century, after Hendrik Otto Arntzenius purchased the country estate in 1791. Arntzenius, who died in 1795, made various improvements at Jagtlust. In the period after the sale of Jagtlust by his wife Helena Hodshon in 1803, Jagtlust was rented out until 1820 and temporarily owned by speculators; in this period there were probably hardly any changes in the layout.

Teunis Helmich Backer also acquired the country estate Heilust, located on the west side of Jagtlust, in 1820, which has belonged to Jagtlust since then. Before 1829, when his widow sold the country estate, he had the meadow located on the west side of Heilust re-laid out in landscape style. For this purpose, the boundary ditch between Heilust and Jagtlust, which originally did not extend all the way to the north end of the country estate, was extended further in a northerly direction and bent in a wide curve to the west. With the earth made available, a hill was constructed, on the highest point of which the present 8-sided ornamental tea house was built. The house replaced a stone house which stood in the extension of the original boundary ditch between Jagtlust and Heilust, and which was demolished when this boundary ditch was extended. The groups of trees and shrubs with 19th-century oak, plane, beech and False Christ's thorn, rhododendrons, holly and yew on the south and west edges of the hill and spring flowers (crocus) on the lawn were partly laid out around this time and partly after 1861. The monkey puzzle tree (Araucaria araucana) planted south of the house was planted here in 1917. The hill with house, groups of trees and shrubs forms a striking and image-defining element on the north side of the layout, which is bounded here by the Leeuwenlaan. Probably in the time of Teunis Helmich Backer a lane edging was laid out around the meadow to the south of the house, running in shallow curves and bordered (now on both sides with beech and oak, 19th and 20th century, and planted with rhododendrons), which is connected on the south side by a bridge over the boundary ditch with the western boundary bank of Jagtlust; this lane edging, which is located along the western border of the layout, the country estate Land en Bosch, is indicated on the 1833 map of Jagtlust. In the meadow, at that time or later in the 19th century, the present horse chestnut was planted, which lends perspective to the view from the lane edging onto the meadow.

After 1861, when Jan Pieter Six acquired the country estate, several changes were made to the layout. Before his death in 1899, the present ornamental dovecote was built on the hill to the southeast of the house. An ornamental grotto was also built in the axis of the landscape-style pond on the north side. Furthermore, the stock of trees and shrubs of the country estate was enriched in this period. Six had rhododendrons, holly and yew planted, among other places, between the house and the hill of Heilust, around the lane edging of Heilust, to the east of the Coach House, on the front (north) side of the house, on the north side of the layout and on the south side of it, which is bounded here by the lane to Schoonoord. The moss planting of the lane edging around Heilust perhaps dates originally from this time, if this special arrangement does not date from the beginning of the 20th century. Six probably also had the present drive laid out in a curve, which connects to the path to the vegetable garden. Between the drive and the boundary ditch is a planting bed surrounded by box, presumably dating from this period, where non-hardy plants were laid out. From the same period probably also dates the bed surrounded by round box with Magnolia tripelata.

In 1900 the late 18th-century farmstead Jagtlust, which Arntzenius had built, was converted into the present spacious country house.

The pentagonal extension on the east side of the house and the orangery are oriented in such a way that an optimal view over the park layout is achieved. The middle window of the extension is placed approximately in the extension of the ditch on the north border of the country estate. The window facing the southeast and the orangery look out over the landscape-style meadow with pond feature. The quality of this space is determined in large part by the walls of the eastern boundary bank, the planting of the lane to Schoonoord (beech) on the south side, the planting of the Leeuwenlaan and the planting of the winding woodland. On 19 August 1910, Hieronyma Maria Antonia Fortunata Six laid the foundation stone of the ornamental children's house "Heilust" placed just northeast of the house at Jagtlust. The small neoformale garden laid out in box at the front (SW) side of this house dates originally from this period.

As such, the park of Jagtlust forms a restrained landscape-style layout within a preserved formal structure, which is of great cultural-historical value due to its exceptional integrity.