Historische aanleg, Raadhuislaan bij 22

English translation

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Description

component 2

The HISTORICAL GARDEN AND PARK LAYOUT belonging to the historic country estate De Paauw. The oldest situation of the layout can be seen on maps from 1647 and 1746 on which a system of watercourses and rectangular gardens is visible. The deed of transfer from 1738 mentions the house with 'stabling, coach house, orangery, kitchen gardens, orchards, woods and plantations'. The house stood within a carré of trees. Several lime trees around the house date from this period. The current 19th-century park layout is characterized by the open park meadow in front of the house, the access drive running in a generous curve paved with yellow IJssel clinkers (since 1912 over Pauwhof), the meandering pond complex behind the house and the park wood. Part of the formal structure of the park was preserved during the landscape conversion, in the form of a number of watercourses (west side) and a navigation ditch (east side) and the beech trees to the south of the main building. Special elements in the park are formed by the walled kitchen garden, the Prinsessetuin (Princess's Garden) and the garden ornaments. The landscape architects J.D. Zocher sr. and jr., C.E.A. Petzold and the architect H.H.A. Wentzel were involved in the park design and the furnishing with garden ornaments, bridges and service dwellings. The landscape architect J. Otto was involved in the renovation of the Prinsessetuin in 1951.

Park meadow and access drive An impression of this layout is offered by the Cadastral Minute Plan from 1822 and the Noorda map from 1839. The large water feature in landscape style still present was laid out and seems to have been excavated to approximately the height of the kitchen garden. In this lobe lay a farmhouse. On the north side in the then still un-excavated part of the pond, according to the field map there was a much smaller pond complex with four islands. The latter smaller pond can be attributed to Zocher sr. and was partly regraded and added to the large pond complex through later adjustments in the plan of Zocher jr. The park dates in its current appearance from before 1822 (Cadastral Minute Plan). Around 1800 the first landscape layout at De Paauw and Raaphorst came about, which is attributed to J.D. Zocher sr. The front of the house, between the house and the Rijksstraatweg, was largely wooded until 1839 (see Noorda map, 1839). This front section was crossed by winding paths (Cadastral Minute Plan), including a curving access drive from the Rijksstraatweg to the house. On the map of the lands of H.R.H. Prince Frederik by J. Kros from 1854, it can be clearly seen that in front of the house the current open park meadow with undulating park wood margins on either side was laid out. This is very probably to the design of Zocher jr., who also worked on the layout of Raaphorst. This created a strong visual connection between De Paauw and the country estate Raaphorst located on the opposite side of the Rijksstraatweg. Raaphorst also belonged to the possessions of Prince Frederik. The current access drive dates from this period, which is still partly provided with the original clinker paving of yellow IJssel bricks and which runs over the part of the park now falling under Pauwhof. The drive is marked by a service dwelling with an access gate and a bridge. The filling of the park meadow with undulating planting accompanied by rhododendrons and laid out with tree groups (oaks and beeches) and specimen trees (in various colours including red beech) offered a varied vista through the park of Raaphorst. In 1854 landscape architect Petzold continued by elaborating on this layout (now diminished, but still recognizable). Petzold also extended the northern access drive running in a generous curve, whose beginning at the Rijksstraatweg is marked by the Rotunda together with Service Dwelling (component 11) (the drive now lies in a villa district). This drive with clinker paving is part of a walk formed by Petzold, the so-called Umfahrungsweg, over the possessions of Prince Frederik namely the five country estates De Paauw, Raaphorst, Ter Horst, Eikenhorst, Backershagen and Groot Haesebroek (see Kros map 1854).

Pond complex and park wood Behind the house lies a broad, generously meandering pond complex furnished with several visually distinctive specimen trees and further surrounded by the park wood. A few winding paths run through the park, some with tree-lined planting. The pond complex originated during the first landscape conversion of the layout around 1800, which is attributed to J.D. Zocher sr. This first attempt at a landscape pond appears to have been excavated to approximately the height of the kitchen garden (Cadastral Minute 1822). On the north side in the then still un-excavated part of the pond, according to the field map there is a much smaller pond complex with 4 islands. This disappeared through the execution of a much larger pond complex to the design of Zocher jr. From the rear of the house a sight line runs over the pond complex towards the tower of the St. Williborduskerk. There is also a clearing furnished with yew with a view to the sculpture on a plinth (see component 10). After 1913 the north-eastern part of the park (Vicaryland), called Den Nieuwen Deijl, was separated from the country estate for the development of a villa park. In this north-eastern part of the park, in connection with the already existing pond complex in landscape style, the original water avenue to the house De Paauw, which branched from the Zijlwetering on the north-east side of the park in two right angles, was regraded to a new spacious pond complex as a new arm of the already present pond complex to the north-west of the house, so that this regrading had not already been partly carried out under the direction of Petzold. Only a narrow park edge with oaks at the Rijksstraatweg with a water feature running in gentle curves was preserved during the realization of the villa park in this north-eastern part.

Prinsessetuin and nursery On either side of the main building lie two more or less rectangular spaces which are already visible on old maps. In the existing rectangular space in the wooded section to the south-west of the house, architect H.H.A. Wentzel created in 1851 a flower garden inspired by classical antiquity, the so-called Prinsessetuin (Princess's Garden). Wentzel was inspired by German examples of Schinkel and Persius from Berlin and Potsdam. In the intermediate zone - between house and garden - there is a regular planting of beech trees. A short beech avenue with white vases and benches originally led from the house to the secluded, slightly recessed garden. In and around the garden stood a pergola, stibadium, rotundas, benches and caryatids to the design of the German architect H.H.A. Wentzel (1820-1889), built in a neoclassical style inspired by Pompeian examples. The stibadium was given as a gift in 1928 to the then departing mayor Jhr. Storm van 's-Gravesande and still stands on the country estate Het Laar in Ommen (monument number 513545). In 1951 the garden was renovated according to plans by landscape architect ir. J. Otto, which however were only partly realized due to high implementation costs. Since then the garden has had its current sober, strict arrangement and layout. The garden is now laid out as a rose garden. To the north-east of the house lies the rectangular walled kitchen garden (now municipal nursery) of which the oldest walling dates from the 18th century (see further complex components 3 and 4).

Valuation

The HISTORICAL GARDEN AND PARK LAYOUT is of general importance in terms of cultural-historical, architectural and urban planning aspects

- as part of the country estate De Paauw;

- because of the special combination of the layout in the mature landscape style of Zocher jr. and Petzold and the classical garden (Prinsessetuin) with built objects in Pompeian neoclassical style by Wentzel;

- the degree of integrity and recognizability of the main structure and reasonably well-preserved detailing;

- the special spatial coherence with the other components of the country estate;

- the visually distinctive location along the Rijksstraatweg in Wassenaar and the clearly recognizable coherence with the opposite country estate Raaphorst.