Historische aanleg, Glipper Dreef bij 209

English translation

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Description

Description of component 8

HISTORIC PARK AND GARDEN LAYOUT Groenendaal.

The character of Groenendaal consists of both small-scale and very monumentally laid-out elements in an apparently natural wooded area with slight to considerable variation in ground level. Groenendaal has had neither a large formal nor a large landscape layout. The foundation of this whole consists of the original dune area, to which the variation in ground level still bears witness. Until approximately the middle of the 18th century this existed as unreclaimed dune land, after which the gradual transformation into the apparently natural wooded area occurred. In other words, all the afforestation and vegetation is the result of deliberate planting. This has resulted in a forest with different characteristic types, open or closed, deciduous or coniferous woodland. Although much planting has been rejuvenated over the years, there are also still older forest parcels, solitary trees or groups of trees present. From ancient times, three elements of historical importance were located in the dune area, and are more or less integrated into the later layout of the country estate. These are: Kerkweg, which begins on the grounds of Meer en Berg and passes via Groenendaal with a bend into Doodweg, the winding watercourse between the coachhouse and the current children's farm is presumably an older ditch, which was re-dug as such around 1772. The Molenweg was also present as early as the 17th century. After the house Groenendaal was built in 1740, the embellishment of the park began. From this first layout, the Lindenkom (tree rings 1755) remains with the adjacent hillock and associated sightlines. Also the large viewing mound with associated sightlines, on which the Belvedère was later built, dates from the period of the first layout (circa 1765). What later became the so-called Seringendal was laid out at the foot of the hill. Subsequently, only in 1768, after Hope became owner in 1767, was the first great avenue laid out, namely the "Nieuwe Oprijlaan", being the present-day Sparrenlaan, nowadays planted with pines. Furthermore the Adriennelaan, planted with a presumably second generation of lindens. Also dating from the late 18th century are the following components: the meadow laid out on sand dune land, surrounded by groups of trees and a (originally smaller) water feature (De lelievijver), the viewing mound situated just to the west of this with associated sightlines and round water feature (Kop en Schotel), the waterdel, an excavation of a natural water place and planted with rhododendrons. In the course of the 19th century four more avenues were added to Groenendaal. This is the third great straight avenue, the Torenlaan along the north side and furthermore three landscape avenues including the large horseshoe-shaped avenue between Adriennelaan and Sparrenlaan. The romantic structures that were erected have successively disappeared again. With the opening of Groenendaal as a public walking park, structurally little changed in the park. Some elements in the layout have disappeared such as the small 18th-century winding woodland at the location of the present-day sandpit. After the Second World War another important addition was made in the form of the Vrijheidslaan on the north-east side.

Valuation

The HISTORIC GARDEN AND PARK LAYOUT GROENENDAAL is of significance as an example of a substantially well-preserved and in its kind unique large-scale park woodland with striking monumental avenues alongside early landscape small-scale elements created in the course of the second half of the 18th century.