New London

Side 1: New London, renowned for its handsome courthouse, was founded 1819, on the route of the historic Salt River Road by William Jamison. By 1820 it became the seat of a newly organized county named for Daniel M. Ralls, local legislator. Settled mainly by Ky. and Va. pioneers, attracted by the area's salt licks and other resources, Ralls County was once part of the northeast frontier of settlment in Spanish Upper Louisiana. Near New London at the present Spalding Springs, Maturin Bouvet had a salt factory in 1792. Indians harrassed and finally killed him at his depot on the Mississippi in 1800. Chas. Fremon Delauriere (called Freemore) worked two salt licks in the area, 1799. Sac and Fox tribes ceded the region in 1804. In the War of 1812, Rangers and Winnebagoes engaged in combat, July 4, 1813, near Fort Mason, a stockade at what is now Saverton. The courthouse, Ralls County's third, was built, 1858, by Francis Kidwell, with Chapel Carstarphen as superintendent, for $18,000. Wings were added, 1936. Missouri buildings at 1939 New York and San Francisco World's Fairs were copies of the courthouse facade. Side 2: New London serves a county devoted to limestone industry and diversified farming. The high school here was first in Missouri to give a course in vocational agriculture, 1917, and one of the State's biggest cement plants is at Ilasco. Salt River, called Auhaha by the Indians, flows through Ralls County. The river is associated with the expression of chagrin, "Up Salt River." In the Civil War, skirmishes and raids put a stop to the growth of town and county. Mark Twain's brief Civil War service was with pro-Southern troops of Ralls County. New London benefited when the St. Louis and Hannibal R. R. was completed to here, 1876. Other county towns included Saverton, laid out 1819, on the Mississippi. Near there is Federal Lock and Dam No. 22, opened 1938. Southwest at Perry, laid out in 1866, is the Mark Twain Research Foundation. Buildings of Van Rensselaer (Presbyterian) Academy, opened 1851, are north of here. Educator Henry J. Waters (1865-1925) was born in Center. Over 400 Indian village campsites have been found in Ralls, and two major Indian trails ran through the county.