Bomvrij militair object, Voorstelling Naarden/infanteriestelling Franse Kamp Bussum (Gooise meren 27)

English translation

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Description

Cluster 11. Shelters type 1918 II.

NEW HOLLANDIC WATER LINE

Introduction

SHELTERS TYPE 1918 / II as reinforced concrete components of a linear and accessory defence based on trench systems, covered roads and the like. Shelters type 1918 / I and type 1918 / II were built according to more or less uniform or standard design in 1918 at multiple locations in West Netherlands. Both types occur in any case within the Stelling van Amsterdam (among others at Spaarndam) and at various locations in the Nieuwe Hollandse Waterlinie (among others in the area between Fort Rijnauwen and Fort Vechten (the Houtense Vlakte), at Fort Everdingen and at the Fransche Kamp in Naarden). The total number of built examples in the Nieuwe Hollandse Waterlinie amounts to approximately 225; the majority (ca. 165) of these still exist. In and around the position Fransche Kamp there are in total still approximately 60 examples present. The Shelter Type 1918 / I usually came about at the outermost of double trench systems. The Shelter Type 1918 / II was mostly built along the rear trench. Because the trenches and other earthworks were subsequently levelled almost everywhere, the concrete shelters nowadays lie almost always partly below ground level. The entirely closed front or front side of the shelters was usually covered by earthworks which formed part of a glacis to protect the trench or a covered road. These earthworks are now often no longer present or only recognisable with difficulty. In a number of cases (totalling 35 pieces) the earthing on the front side in the years 1936-1938 (partly) was deliberately removed or not reinstated in order to convert the by then 20-year-old Shelters Type 1918 / I and / II into machine-gun casemates. Of these converted examples there are still approximately 25 present in the Nieuwe Hollandse Waterlinie.

Description

The northern row (second line) of the concrete works of the Forward Position Naarden / Infantry Position Fransche Kamp are SHELTERS TYPE 1918 / II. There are still approximately 30 examples present. Shelters Type 1918 / II are single-storey, usually reinforced, ca. 100 cm thick reinforced concrete, grenade-proof, military shelters, which could provide protection for a maximum of 16 infantrymen / artillerymen, at protection class W 12-15 or W 15-21. Shelters Type 1918 / II were built on a rectangular ground plan of approximately 9.80 x 6.30 x 2.70 m (w x d x h), of which the base is rarely visible. The visible height above ground level varies. Both blind side gables are executed vertically, while the closed front side leans slightly backwards to pass over with a sharp angle into the roof surface which slopes slightly towards the rear. This roof surface descends after an obtuse angle at a slope of approximately 30° towards the often invisible or only partly visible, low, vertical gable on the throat side. In a number of cases iron hooks were cast into the gables which could serve to secure camouflage material. The Shelters Type 1918 / II were constructed as monolithic concrete works and were accessible via two access openings, left and right, on the trench side - the throat side. These accesses are surrounded by thickened concrete frames which are positioned more or less in the same plane as the rear, sloping roof surface. The low-positioned accesses themselves are mostly sealed off by means of brickwork or concrete, but examples filled with rubble also occur. In some cases the shelters are still open or have been reopened. The interior of the Shelters Type 1918 / II consists of an elongated, approximately half below ground level, rectangular space, which is accessible in a bent posture via two concrete stairs of several steps located in the corners. At the top of the walls, between the two stairs, several iron hooks are present. The ceilings situated at just over two metres above floor level are flat and rectangular.

Valuation

SHELTERS TYPE 1918 / II are of general importance because of:

* Cultural-historical values as part of the Nieuwe Hollandse Waterlinie as designed by C.R.T. Krayenhoff and initially constructed from 1815 by him, Jan Blanken and major-engineer Willem Offerhaus and subsequently strengthened and improved by others for more than 125 years.

* Architectural-historical values, in particular as an expression of military-strategic construction, which is based on:

a. the system of inundation and accessory defence (Nineteenth and Twentieth century),

b. the race with increasingly strengthening offensive means (Nineteenth and Twentieth century)

c. the system of 'living' field fortification in depth (Twentieth century)

These are here components from the period 1914-1918, which are examples of reinforced concrete enlisted men's shelters.

* Ensemble value and situational values as part of the Nieuwe Hollandse Waterlinie. Also because of the functional and physical coherence with the other components of the complex and in particular as a relic connected to a trench system.

* The components are representative (characteristic) because they are clearly recognisable as having been added to the existing fortification system as part of a dispersed defence line.

* The components are reasonably well preserved and can be recognised as built components and by function still well in the field.