Bomvrij militair object, Voorstelling Naarden/infanteriestelling Franse Kamp Bussum (Gooise meren 27)

English translation

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Description

Cluster 11. Shelters type 1918 I.

NEW HOLLANDIC WATERLINE Introduction

SHELTERS TYPE 1918 / I as reinforced concrete components of a linear and close defence based on trench systems, covered roads and similar. Shelters Type 1918 / I and Type 1918 / II were built in 1918 according to more or less uniform or standard design in multiple locations in West Netherlands. Both types occur in any case within the Stelling van Amsterdam (among others at Spaarndam) and in various locations in the Nieuwe Hollandse Waterlinie (among others in the area between Fort Rijnauwen and Fort Vechten (= the Houtense Vlakte), at Fort Everdingen and at the Fransche Kamp in Naarden). The total number of built examples in the Nieuwe Hollandse Waterlinie amounts to approximately 225; the majority (ca. 165) of these still exist. In and around the fortification Fransche Kamp a total of approximately 60 examples are still present. The Shelter Type 1918 / I usually came into being on the outermost (the front side) of double trench systems. The Shelter Type 1918 / II was mostly built along the rear trench. Because the trenches and other earthworks were later levelled almost everywhere, the concrete shelters nowadays lie almost always partially below ground level. The entirely closed front side or front of the shelters was usually covered by earthworks that formed part of a glacis for protection of the trench or a covered road. These earthworks are now often no longer present or only recognisable with difficulty. In a number of cases (total 35 pieces) the earthwork on the front side was in the years 1936-1938 (partially) deliberately removed or not re-applied to transform the meanwhile 20-year-old Shelters Type 1918 / I and / II into machine-gun casemates. Of these converted examples, approximately 25 are still present in the Nieuwe Hollandse Waterlinie.

Description

The southern row (front side) of the concrete works of the Voorstelling Naarden / Infanteriestelling Fransche Kamp consists of SHELTERS TYPE 1918 / I. In total approximately 35 examples are still present. Shelters Type 1918 / I are single-storey, usually reinforced, approximately 100 cm thick reinforced cast concrete, shrapnel-proof, military shelters, which could provide shelter for 8 infantrymen / artillerymen, with protection class W 12-15 or W 15-21. Shelters Type 1918 / I were built on a rectangular ground plan of approximately 5.00 x 5.50 x 2.70 m, (w x d x h) of which the base is not visible. The visible height above ground level varies. The two blind side walls are executed vertically, while the closed front / front side leans slightly backwards to transition with a sharp bend to the roof surface sloping slightly backwards. This roof surface descends after a blunt angle at a slope of approximately 45° to the often not, or only partially visible, low, vertical wall at the throat side. A variant of Type 1918/I has a less steep slope here. In a number of cases iron hooks were cast into the walls which could serve to attach camouflage material. The Shelters Type 1918/I were constructed as monolithic concrete works and were accessible only via one access opening, on the trench side - the throat side. These eccentrically, on the right side of the wall located entrances are surrounded by a thickened concrete frame, which is more or less applied in the same plane as the rear, sloping roof surface. Variations occur in these frames, among others with a thickening at the top. The low-set entrances themselves were later usually closed off by means of brickwork or concrete, but examples stuffed with rubble also occur. In a few cases the shelters are still open or have been reopened. The interior of the Shelters 1918/I consists of an approximately halfway below ground level located, rectangular space, which is accessible in a bent posture via the concrete stairs of a few steps located in a corner. The ceilings located at just over two metres above floor level slope slightly curved at the front.

Valuation

SHELTERS TYPE 1918 / I are of general importance because of:

* Cultural-historical values as part of the Nieuwe Hollandse Waterlinie as designed by C.R.T. Krayenhoff and initially established from 1815 by him, Jan Blanken and major-engineer Willem Offerhaus and subsequently by others strengthened and improved for more than 125 years.

* Architectural-historical values, in particular as an expression of military-strategic building, which is based on:

a. the system of inundation and close defence (19th and 20th centuries),

b. the race with increasingly strengthening offensive means (20th century)

c. the system of 'living' field fortification in depth (20th century)

These are components from the period 1914-1918 which are examples of reinforced concrete military personnel shelters.

* Ensemble value and situational values as part of the Nieuwe Hollandse Waterlinie. Also because of the functional and physical coherence with the other components of the complex and in particular as a relic associated with a trench system.

* The components are representative (characteristic) because they are clearly recognisable as part of a deconcentrated defence line added to the existing fortification system.

* The components are fairly well preserved and are easily recognisable in the field as built components and by function.