Historische aanleg, Deventerweg bij 10

English translation

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Description

HISTORIC GARDEN AND PARK LAYOUT. The historic garden and park layout of the country estate De Matanze dates back to the seventeenth century, when around 1630 a nobleman's residence was built approximately at the location of the present house. The location of the present house (situated in the water) and the straight approach road still recall this earliest situation. In the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries De Matanze would have had a classicistic layout (see F. Beune and H. Post, De Matanze, design and management guidelines, LHS Wageningen), in which the house was surrounded by a rectangular moat and buildings already existed at the location of the present coach house, the hunt keeper's house and the farm. In 1770 De Matanze came into the possession of the Jordens family through a marriage. In the early nineteenth century a member of this family, Herman Joan Jordens (1766-1851) probably made the first changes to the garden in landscape style. The moat around the house was extended with an extension in a southeasterly direction, of which only the eastern bank was provided with a winding course. This excavation would have been recorded in a sketch by Frederik Bosch around 1825 and is depicted on the Cadastral Minute Plan from 1832. This Cadastral Minute Plan also shows that the approach road was extended to the IJsseldijk and that buildings had been developed to the northwest of the house and approach road. Around 1855 changes again take place; De Matanze is then in the hands of a daughter of Herman Joan, Johanna Aleida Jordens and she would have had a new house built on the foundations of the old one. In 1858 she has the water feature excavated with the assistance of Deventer city foreman Hendrik Jan van Leusen (1807-1881), as she was engaged in the embellishment and improvement of her estate. (Van Leusen was at the same time engaged in the park layout of Het Schol, the country estate of the brother of Johanna Aleida, Willem Herman Cost-Jordens. Cost-Jordens had engaged the architect Samuel A. van Lunteren for the design of his garden. It is striking that both Het Schol and the Matanze possess an oval kitchen garden surrounded by a beech hedge.) In 1876 the Matanze comes into the ownership of H.A. Servatius through a public sale, who has extensions and additions made to the house and outbuildings. In 1885 J. Craandijk writes in his Wandelingen door Nederland about the park: "a rich and tastefully laid out park, with broad paths, large lawns, brilliant flower beds, stately groups of trees, dignified avenues, an ornamental water feature with greenhouses, kitchen garden, aviaries, stables, lodge and, as the centrepiece of all this, a very remarkable manor house. Matanze is the name of this beautiful country estate, which belongs to Mr. Servatius from Deventer. Apart from the timber, everything is not many years old." At the end of the nineteenth century the Matanze had a landscape layout with winding paths, which in the northern part of the layout were connected to the IJsseldijk. To the southwest of the house there would have been an oval water feature. Part of the present path layout dates from that time, as does the placement of specimen trees and groups of trees in the open space to the west and southwest of the house. In the early twentieth century this layout underwent a change, when an offshoot of the moat to the north was also dug parallel to the IJsseldijk. The approach road therefore now stops to the north of the house at the bridge. Subsequently around 1930 the landscape layout of the Matanze was enriched with both sight lines from the house towards the church of Terwolde in a northerly direction and towards the IJssel in an easterly direction. The layout of the Matanze currently consists of a straight approach road, planted on both sides with a few oaks of approximately forty years old, which extends from the (not worthy of protection) main entrance gate on the Deventerweg to around the rose garden on the north side of the house. To the northwest of the house there are located at the approach road the coach house and the service dwelling. The entire northern section of the park is covered with tall mixed deciduous timber and is only interrupted by the sight line to Terwolde. The house itself stands in a water feature in landscape form, with offshoots in northerly and southerly directions, parallel to the IJsseldijk. The water feature is surrounded by mixed deciduous timber, which is only interrupted by the sight line from the house towards the IJssel. The park wood is intersected with winding paths. In the timber to the south of the house there are some box shrubs that have grown to considerable height and width; presumed remnants of the formal layout of the park. The arbour to the south of the approach road has a view over the open space to the west and southwest of the house. On this land stand a relatively large number of nineteenth-century exotic trees, including a swamp cypress, a variegated cypress, maple, acacia, fern beech and a unique fairy ring of weeping linden trees. A walking path runs in a curve between the house and arbour to the southern section of the park, where an offshoot of this path passes under the hunt keeper's house on the Deventerweg. To the southeast of the hunt keeper's house lies the oval-shaped kitchen garden, which is surrounded on three-quarters by an expansive beech hedge, which serves as a green zone of historic value and on one-quarter by the kitchen garden wall. This red brick kitchen garden wall, laid in Flemish bond, is finished at the top by a saddle-back and runs in two shallow angles. Wall and hedge probably date from 1930. In the kitchen garden stand two greenhouses and the remains of two cold frames. The boundaries of the country estate are largely determined by the Deventerweg (west side) and the IJsseldijk (east side). On the west side the boundary is marked by the oaks along the Deventerweg, which turn south to the east in the so-called "Kromme laantje". Approximately halfway along this lane the boundary of the historic layout turns at right angles and is marked by a monumental, straight box hedge, which extends to the IJsseldijk. At the end of the hedge, halfway along the dike, stands a monumental beech, which forms part of a group of beeches. The land to the south of the box hedge on which the farm is located also belongs to the historic country estate, but is in the present situation (1996) visually separated from the layout by the hedge. Along the IJsseldijk the east boundary is determined by a timber bank. The north boundary of the Matanze is formed by densely grown mixed deciduous timber, interrupted only for the sight line from the house to the church tower of Terwolde.

Valuation

HISTORIC GARDEN AND PARK LAYOUT of the country estate De Matanze, of general importance:

- as a well-preserved example of a park layout in landscape style, created in various stages during the nineteenth century and forming an atmosphere-enhancing decorum for the principal building;

- on account of its importance for the history of garden and landscape architecture;

- on account of the specimen trees and groups of trees dating from the time of the layout;

- on account of the functional-spatial relationship with the other components of the country estate.