Historische aanleg, Herenweg 149

English translation

The text above is the record as published by the Rijksdienst voor het Cultureel Erfgoed, in Dutch. The English below is a machine translation made by TreeAlive, not by the Rijksdienst voor het Cultureel Erfgoed; it has not been checked by a person. Where the two differ, the original is the record. Report a translation error: privacy@treealive.com

Description

Description

HISTORIC GARDEN AND PARK LAYOUT. A partially structurally and partially detailed landscape-style layout preserved from the early nineteenth century with retention of seventeenth- and eighteenth-century formal elements. Well-known twentieth-century garden architects also contributed to the development of the park. From the seventeenth-century classicistic layout of the park (see map by Johan Dou(w) from 1667), consisting of a geometric system of squares and rectangles, the double square encircling moat of the terrain and the central axis are still present. A large part of the park was in use as coppice woodland, whereby the character of the park was increasingly determined over the course of the centuries. In the eighteenth century the central axis received strong emphasis through the creation of a Grand Canal with double rows of trees on either side. The axis continues through the old approach road, which again connects to the road towards the village (Hoflaan). On either side of this lane a double row of trees has been planted (beeches, recently replanted) and a ring of vegetation established, which testify to the stately layout. Although the perspective from the house through the Hoflaan towards the polders and Leiden was deliberately closed off in later times, the axial effect is still clearly present. From the eighteenth century dates the current lane system, consisting of the Northern lane, primarily recently replanted with beeches, the Succession lane and the Oak lane (dendrological research dates the oaks to 1773/4). Also the rectangular beech hedge-cabinet with side runners against the wind, located north of the house on a dam in the ditch, dates from this period. According to research the cabinet had a height of 4 metres and from 1867 trimming was discontinued after which it became entirely overgrown. Another example of such an overgrown tree group are the yew trees, which stand halfway along the old approach road. It is plausible that the initially clipped yew hedge was planted after this lane was abandoned as an access route (c. 1780). This cross axis provided a beautiful view over the rest of the lane towards the Hofleede and the polder landscape. On the Topographical Military Map of 1839/59 the new winding approach road is indicated. As a result the old approach road, running parallel to the Burg. Ketelaarsweg and at a right angle to the house, became superfluous. On the forecourt a beech group was planted to break the symmetry of the long central axis. The curved beech lane along the Heerenweg has a straight beginning of oak trees, one of which bears a clearly legible inscription 'C. Schaap 1838'. From a specification it emerges that a drawing was made for the layout of a water feature with an island, which was to be ready by the month of August in 1820. There is mention of the old pond, a curved pond and the old straight pond. On the Topographical Military Map of 1839/59 only a small pond is indicated at the end of the Grand Canal, which presumably refers to the old pond. The map thus shows the old situation, or it must be that the plan was not immediately implemented. The curved pond could be the watercourse which runs from the Hofleede with a bend through the park. At the end of this watercourse there is still a round pond, but this dates from a later period. The cadastral map still shows only the straight Grand Canal, but the water feature has been entirely executed. In 1925 H. Copijn makes a design for the arrangement of part of the island, consisting of an elliptical path pattern and a small water feature. There is no longer a bridge to the island and everything is now overgrown (bird island), but the stream from the Grand Canal towards the island, which in the design runs to a small pond, is still visible. From the beginning of the twentieth century the Krantz family left a clear mark on the park. From purchase orders and invoices from nurseries it emerges that they were particularly engaged in acquiring new plantings and maintaining the woodland. Between 1909 and 1963 there was a greenhouse on the site where plants and trees were cultivated. The exotic plants in the park, such as the swamp cypress, were planted during this period and now create romantic spots - the Dream Meadow and the Cattail Meadow. From Leonard A. Springer come two designs for modification of the layout of the park, dating from the early twentieth century. These were mainly concerned with the path pattern (characteristic of Springer are the long 'taut' arcs), two sight-lines from the house and a change to the approach road to the house. Springer probably also gave advice for the replanting of parts of the park, such as the old orchard and the terrain at the Dream Meadow and the Goldfish Pond. Of these proposals the path pattern on the island was executed, but the proposal to narrow the curve in front of the house was not followed. The diagonal sight-axes from the northeast tower of the castle through the park, towards the Hofleede direction the Kagerplassen are, although overgrown, still recognizable. The creation of views onto the landscape outside the boundaries of the country estate is a characteristic of late landscape style. On an aerial photograph from the twenties the layout of the orangery garden is clearly visible. This garden according to design or in the style of D.F. Tersteeg consists of a space enclosed by a hedge for the orangery, which through means of a line of symmetry and a cross axis comes into relation with the surroundings. The division of the garden into small individual gardens (characteristic of the New Architectonic Style) is now reduced to a large grass plot. The linden arbour in U-shape, which gave access to the next garden, has partially disappeared.

Valuation

HISTORIC GARDEN AND PARK LAYOUT of general importance:

- because of the parkland in landscape style from the early 19th century, which was further embellished by L.A. Springer and H. Copijn in the early 20th century;

- because of the well-preserved 17th/18th-century formal elements such as the lane system, the beech hedge-cabinet and the Grand Canal;

- because of the functional-spatial coherence with the other components of the country estate.