Hakoisten kartano ja linnavuori

English translation (from the Finnish)

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Description

The Hakoisten linnavuori (hill fort) and manor, with its buildings, park avenues and parkland in the boundary zone between field and forest, are a significant site illustrating the long development of Tavastian manor culture. The manor lies in an area settled since the Late Iron Age. The Hakoisten linnavuori, at the foot of which the manor stands, is the heir of a medieval castle settlement. The numerous ancient monuments in the surroundings attest to a long history of settlement.

The two-storey main building of the manor is one of the key buildings of Neoclassical architecture. It is a horizontally boarded log building whose most important rooms, the large halls, lie in a series along the main façade. The interiors are characterised by wall and ceiling paintings made in the late 19th century.

The manor complex has over 30 buildings, and the buildings that are central to the setting are mainly from the 19th century, including the villa building of 1870, the so-called vellikellorakennus, the cowshed of 1850/1936 and the office building from the 1920s. The originally English-style park woodland is in a natural state, and a tree-lined avenue leads to the main building.

The Hakoisten linnavuori consists of a very steep-walled rock, on whose summit there are slight remains of fortification structures.

Hakoiset manor and the hill fort are a central part of the nationally valuable Hakoisten-Kernaala landscape area.

History

Hakoiset manor is an old rälssisäteri which was already a residential manor in the Middle Ages. Its owners included the bailiff of Hämeen linna, Valdemar Diäkn, in the first half of the 15th century. Later the manor belonged to, among others, the Uggla and Boije families. The latter founded Finland's first dairy school at Hakoiset in 1869.

Colonel Leijonhufvud had a new main building constructed for the manor, although he himself lived at his official residence in Mustiala in Tammela. Only when his wife, Helena von Burghausen, settled permanently at Hakoiset (1807) did it truly become a residence. The large-scale building work was carried out according to the drawings of the colonel's brother, Axel Gabriel Leijonhufvud. He had made three alternative plans, of which the two-storey wooden alternative, as a mirror image, was completed around 1807.

The pediment bearing the Boije family coat of arms above the main entrance is probably of a later phase. Originally there were three fairly large lunette windows in the centre of the façade. Renovation work was carried out on the main building in 1870 to the plans of architect Nestor Lauren. Many of the neo-Renaissance decorative interiors also date from this phase. In the 1890s the façades were modernised to the drawings of architect K.A. Wrede; however, the original partly rusticated board cladding and the window frame fittings were preserved as the background for the new decorative motifs. At that time two-storey, richly decorated porches were built along the long façades. They were removed at the end of the 1940s, and the neoclassical cladding and details of the façades were revealed (architect Olavi Sahlberg). Architect Armas Lindgren had also previously made a sketch for restoring the façades. The colonnade on the courtyard side was built in 1950 (Olavi Sahlgren). The similarity of the façade cladding to that of Kirkniemi in Lohja is noteworthy.

The Hakoisten linnavuori was probably used for defensive purposes already in prehistoric times. Fortifications were apparently built on the hill in the 13th and 14th centuries. The fortress comprised a main castle surrounded by a ring wall and a moat, in which stood a building walled of stone and brick. Apparently defensive construction in the historical period remained a short-lived phase, and the focus increasingly shifted from Hakoistenlinna to Hämeen linna.