First Special Service Force

The First Special Service Force was formed in July 1942 as the only joint U.S.-Canadian unit in World War II. Many Vermonters volunteered to serve. Led by U.S. Army Col. Robert T. Frederick, the Force trained rigorously in Montana, Virginia, and at Fort Ethan Allen (in May-October 1943). Known as the Black Devils, the Force distinguished itself during the Italian Campaign at Monte la Difensa and Anzio. It was the first unit to enter Rome on June 4, 1944. The unit deployed to southern France and disbanded in December 1944. It earned considerable honors from four nations for accomplishments during the war, including a U.S. Congressional Gold Medal. The Force is a predecessor to the modern special operations forces in service today.