Historische aanleg, Stationsweg bij 6

English translation

The text above is the record as published by the Rijksdienst voor het Cultureel Erfgoed, in Dutch. The English below is a machine translation made by TreeAlive, not by the Rijksdienst voor het Cultureel Erfgoed; it has not been checked by a person. Where the two differ, the original is the record. Report a translation error: privacy@treealive.com

Description

HISTORIC GARDEN AND PARK LAYOUT belonging to the country estate De Schaffelaar. The partly in detail and in structure well-preserved park of De Schaffelaar can be distinguished into two parts: a. the largest part of the terrain comprises a layout belonging to the former 18th-century house and is characterized by the originally 18th-century structure consisting of a long main or central axis (orientation southwest-northeast) with on the southwest side a rectangular moated terrain of the old homestead, called Koeweide, which in the 19th century was reshaped in landscape forms; to the right of the axis a star wood and to the left a park wood with walkway and pond area in landscape style from the beginning of the 19th century (see map Man circa1802 and the Cadastral Minute Map 1832); b. in the immediate vicinity of the present house is a relatively small-scale, 19th-century layout in landscape style for which the terrain in 1850 on the southwest side was expanded with a strip of land, so that a landscape setting around the newly built house could be created; the garden architects J.D. and L.P. Zocher received the commission in 1853 to realize the layout. That there is no unambiguous concept underlying the layout to integrate the two parts is unusual for a 19th-century landscape park. For the regulation of water management, a large number of culverts, sluice gates and small locks have been installed in the park, some of which are described as a separate component (see component no. 6). The others are located at the main entrance (culvert with sluice), south of the Koeweide (masonry culvert with sluice gate) and at the Stationsweg (masonry culvert with sluice gate).

Re. a. The core of the layout is formed by the 18th-century rectangular moated Koeweide, which at the beginning of the 19th century was reshaped in landscape style/natural form and provided with three islets. In the northwest corner of the moat lies a peninsula, which in 1808 was expanded with a duck trap pipe. The Koeweide is enclosed by a square of avenues, except on the north side where the planting is more arranged in tree groups (including red beech). From the short avenue coming from the present house, there is a fine view over the tree-lined Koeweide and a vista towards the avenue on the central axis. The avenue on the west side of the Koeweide is planted on a raised area/ridge and leads past the so-called flower hill (mentioned 1850, earlier on the cadastral map of 1832 as pleasure place) where the avenue planting stops; around the hill a wreath of trees. The flower hill forms a landscape element to enliven the circular walk. From the flower hill the walk leads in a northward direction with a narrow path along the serpentine pond with raised earthen elevations. The pond was created at the time of French rule in the beginning of the 19th century and is therefore called 'French work'. In the meandering pond two islands with planting (rhododendrons) are arranged. While the layout on the west side of the central axis bears a landscape character, on the east side the formal image has been preserved. The star wood shown on Man's map (circa1802) was probably laid out before 1767 and consists of fourteen avenues (originally planted with beech) with on the north-south axis a narrow grand canal flanked by an avenue. In 1830, several avenues of the star wood were extended in a northwesterly direction.

Re. b. The house is situated in an arcadian layout formed by a meadow with some loose tree groups to frame the house, thereby creating a typically romantic combination of a neo-gothic house in an agrarian-looking landscape. From comparison of the Zochers' design with some old Topographical maps (1906 and 1926) and an old photograph, it appears that the meadow was furnished with multiple tree groups, including Taxus, so that there was a greater alternation of open and dense spaces. From the Stationsweg runs the slightly curved entrance avenue planted with oak trees along the east side of the main building. The driveway connects to the 18th-century central axis of the country estate which continues in a northward direction. The house is situated just west of this axis. Directly behind the house lie on either side of the avenue two rectangular plots: the left plot rising forest, which forms a green background (coulisse) for the house, the right plot currently has no configuration that is important for the protection. According to a layout drawing from circa 1850, there was here an orchard/garden with fish pond, here in circa 1890 an orangery is built (see old photograph). Southwest of the castle lies a burial island from 1828, this was reshaped in circa 1853 according to the design of the Zochers.

Appraisal

HISTORIC GARDEN AND PARK LAYOUT belonging to the country estate De Schaffelaar of general interest:

- on account of its age;

- on account of the well-preserved 18th-century geometric layout with axis of symmetry and star wood, part of which was transformed into landscape style at the beginning of the 19th century;

- on account of the well-preserved layout in landscape style around the house from circa 1853 by the garden architects J.D. and L.P. Zocher;

- on account of the importance of the layout for the history of garden and landscape architecture and in particular for the development of garden and landscape architecture in the Netherlands;

- on account of the presence of monumental tree groups from the time of the (original) layout;

- on account of the functional-spatial coherence with the other components of the country estate.