Historische aanleg, Lindelaan bij 1

English translation

The text above is the record as published by the Rijksdienst voor het Cultureel Erfgoed, in Dutch. The English below is a machine translation made by TreeAlive, not by the Rijksdienst voor het Cultureel Erfgoed; it has not been checked by a person. Where the two differ, the original is the record. Report a translation error: privacy@treealive.com

Description

HISTORIC GARDEN AND PARK LAYOUT. The history of the garden and park layout of Oranjewoud dates back to the 17th century. In 1676 Albertine Agnes, Princess of Orange, widow of the Frisian stadtholder Willem Frederik van Nassau, purchased from the Sickinga family in the Wold an estate, which was situated approximately at the location of the present country house Oranjewoud. Around this time it is known from the layout of the Wold that there was a large coppice woodland, which covered approximately the area of the country houses Oranjewoud and Oranjestein. In the park of Oranjewoud no traces from this time are recognisable; however a part of the structure of the layout, which Albertine Agnes had laid out shortly after 1676 - the first known expenses for the park of Oranjewoud date from 1682 - has been preserved. Thus the rectangular system of ditches, which surrounds the forecourt, house and the large meadow behind the house, is already observable on the Map of Schoterland from 1698 by B. Schotanus. Also dating from this time are the straight raised tree-lined borders (beech and mixed deciduous trees, now 19th and 20th century) along the ditch on either side of the long sides of the large meadow, as well as the bastion-shaped extension of the ditch and tree-lined borders at the NW and NE corners of the rectangular layout, as shown on Schotanus's map.
Of the northeastern bastion, which was levelled in the 19th century, the course of the boundary has been preserved. As such, the enclosed atmosphere, which the space behind the house still has, is a quality of the layout dating from the last decades of the 17th century, when this part of the park still had the character of an inner garden. On Schotanus's map the 'grand canal' is further observable, which was excavated on the axis of the park layout. In contrast to the present situation, the 'grand canal' sprang directly behind the house and had not yet been extended to the current level. The 'grand canal' at Oranjewoud (toponym: Prinsenwijk) was at this time a modern motif in Dutch gardens and belongs to one of the oldest preserved in the country. The present canal still works as a contrast with the layout behind the house, partly surrounded by raised tree-lined borders. This contrast effect between open and enclosed spaces in garden layout is a stylistic device of French origin and which also made its entrance in other Dutch gardens at the end of the 17th century (Heemstede, Middachten, Zeist).
At the beginning of the 18th century, after the death of Albertine Agnes (1696) Oranjewoud was inherited by her daughter-in-law Henriette Amalia van Anhalt-Dessau, widow of Hendrik Casimir II, various embellishments were made at Oranjewoud. It has been established that Daniel Marot was closely involved in the changes to the layout at this time. At the beginning of the 18th century the 'grand canal' was probably extended to its present level and the section of the canal within the layout enclosed by tree-lined borders was filled in. On the north side on the axis the ditch was excavated in a mirror arch shape, as can still be seen now. Also at this time presumably the present transverse axis, the so-called Lindelaan (lime trees in single file, now 20th century) was laid out - the original transverse axis lay approximately in the extension of the Marijke Muoyweg - and the rectangular outer garden was extended to its present length, which reaches to the Bieruma Oostingweg (beech and mixed deciduous trees, now 19th and 20th century) and this outer garden was provided with a surrounding ditch and tree-lined border. With the exception of a section on the west side this ditch has been completely preserved. Of the 18th-century tree-lined border a section remains on the east side (oaks in single file, now 19th and 20th century).
South of the outer garden an avenue was laid out at the beginning of the 18th century on the axis (toponym: Flapsingel) so that a main axis roughly three kilometres long was created, which cuts through the whole of Oranjewoud. This section of the axis still exists in its entirety (predominantly oaks in single file, now circa 1900) and extends from the Bieruma Oostingweg to the Schoterlandseweg.
Probably at the beginning of the 18th century the entire formal avenue pattern came into being, as indicated on the Map of Oranjewoud by C. Boling from 1813, made for the purpose of auctioning plots of Oranjewoud in that year. On this the avenue is also visible (oaks and beeches, in single and double file, 18th, 19th and 20th century), which determines the east boundary of the present historic country house - the Domineesingel, the Van Limburg Stirum-weg and the avenue, which lies in the extension of the latter mentioned road - determined. At the level of the outer garden the Albertine Agnesweg (oaks in single and double file, 19th century) forms the western counterpart of this avenue, at least to the point where this road bends in a south-westerly direction.
The terrain between the 'grand canal' and the avenue, which lies in the extension of the Van Limburg Stirumweg, is important for the historic layout as a green zone. The present park layout in landscape style at Oranjewoud was created in broad outline in the 1930s of the 19th century, at the same time when the then owner Hans Willem de Blocq van Scheltinga had the present house built. On stylistic grounds the layout of the outer garden can be attributed to the garden architect Lucas Pieters Roodbaard.
In connection with the design for the section of the park in landscape style around and north of the house the name of Johann Nicolaas Heinrich Meijer has been mentioned, who was employed as gardener in the service of Van Scheltinga. In this part of the park of Oranjewoud, which shows little stylistic similarities with the parks of Roodbaard, an already existing park layout in landscape style realised by P.W. Schonck at the end of the 18th century served as a starting point. A number of paths of the relatively small-scale path pattern designed by Schonck were removed and partly relocated, so that the present wide-meshed path pattern, the winding watercourse and the large meadow in landscape style emerged. The irregular contours of this meadow, on which a deer enclosure has presumably been established since the 19th century, are sometimes associated with those of the boundary of the province of Friesland.
On the west side of the circular approach the ditch was excavated into a pond and the banks of the meadow (toponym: De Brink) located to the west of it were given a sloping course.
The view from the house in a south-westerly and westerly direction ends on the De Blocq van Scheltingalaan running in a curve (oaks in single file, 19th century), which adjoins the Lindelaan, and on the likewise curving oak avenue (oaks in single file, 19th century); the latter avenue bounds the meadow De Brink on the west side and leads to the former vegetable garden of Oranjewoud, which is located at the level of the 'grand canal' in the NW corner of the layout and of which the rectangular boundary is indicated by a brick wall.
From 1911 a burial ground was established on a bank to the south-east of the mirror arch-shaped pond for the beloved dogs of the residents of the country house. The last stone of this burial ground, the memorial stones of which are laid in rows next to and below each other, was placed in 1949.
The terrain around the large meadow is planted with various groups of trees (beech, oak, chestnut, lime and coniferous, 19th and early 20th century) and specimens (beech, plane, oak, 19th century) and shrubs (rhododendron, holly). In the structure of the layout on the other side of the house the small groups of trees and specimens (oak, red beech, coniferous including larch, ash, swamp cypress, conifer, 19th and early 20th century) planted in a landscape setting play a major role. Also noteworthy is the so-called Juliana oak, which was planted on 30 April 1909 by the schoolchildren of Oranjewoud on the west side of the approach. Part of the east wing of the house is hidden on the side of the Lindelaan behind a group of various types of conifers from circa 1900, probably planted at the time when many changes were also made to the outer garden.
In the park layout in landscape style not only the sight line to the north but also to the south was preserved. The southern sight line ends on a large hill formation on the south side of the outer garden, which is crowned by a decorative garden house. Especially the southern section of the outer garden, where a large winding pond, winding paths and steep banks with groups of trees (oak, beech, chestnut, coniferous, 19th and 20th century), specimens (oak, beech, 19th century) and shrubs (rhododendron, holly) give the walk a touch of drama, shows many similarities with garden compositions of Roodbaard.
The northern half of the outer garden has become rather unclear in structure due to later alterations. On the NW side there is an oak avenue (oaks in single file, 19th century) with a winding course, which on the south side merges into the garden section attributed to Roodbaard and forms a compositional whole with it. On the east side of this avenue a garden wall with a curious course in gentle and sharp curves and which on the south side merges into a beech hedge. Wall and hedge surround a field to which no spatial concept seems to underlie. On the north side of this field an herb garden and a lawn with shrub planting. Beech hedge and wall were created at the time when Oranjewoud was inhabited by Charles Louis Adrien Juste Count of Limburg Stirum (1877-1931) and are worthy of note as a curiosity. The field with herb garden and lawn are important to the historic layout as a green zone, which also applies to the meadow on the east side of it, over which the sight line runs; the original contours of this meadow in landscape style have become unrecognisable due to changes after the Second World War to the wooded edge bordering on the east side of the meadow and due to the establishment of the mentioned hedge.
On the NE side of the outer garden, bordering the approach, there is a fragment of an old winding avenue (oaks and beeches in single file, 19th or possibly 18th century).