22 CLARENCE AVENUE

The Department's description

Exterior description and setting

Late-Victorian end-terrace two-bay three-storey brick, Arts and Crafts style townhouse, built 1900 to designs by R. E. Buchanan. Rectangular on plan with projecting rear return built at half-landing level. Principal elevation faces South onto Clarence Avenue, set behind low red-brick wall with painted metal railings above. Part of a terraced row of eleven similar houses of this type, lining the north side of Clarence Avenue.

Principle (S) elevation is of Flemish brick bond; two bays wide with a two-storey canted bay to right surmounted by a rectangular gabled bay to the second floor that is cantilevered on large timber brackets with carved timber corbels to either side. Vertical half-timber panelling to gable with plain wide painted timber fascia board. Square-headed opening to entrance doorway, two steps up, with moulded cornice supported on console brackets on moulded pilasters to either side of timber double doors with glazed panes and stained glass fanlight above.

All windows to the principle elevation are square-headed, timber sliding sashes, 1/1 panes with stained glass upper lights to canted bay on ground and first floor and the same type of window above door opening at first floor level. 8/2 panes to box window on second floor level and a single sliding sash with 4/2 panes above entrance door at second floor level. Painted rendered band course to ground and first floor window heads, painted sill course to first and second floor windows.

Brick gable end to East elevation, a single 1/1 sliding sash window with stained glass upper light to ground floor and two of the same on first floor level, 4/1 sliding sash and 8/2 sliding sash to second floor level. uPVC door opening on ground floor at North end with fanlight and side light. Sill course to windows on all three levels with painted belt course to window heads on ground and first floors. Diagonal half-timber work to upper section of gable with plain wide painted timber fascia board finish. Rear return is 3 storey, smooth rendered, (unpainted), retaining sliding sash timber windows that have 2/2 panes to N face, 1/1 panes to ground, 1st and 2nd floors of east face and a further window with 6/1 panes to the ground floor.

West side is abutted by adjoining building No. 20 Clarence Avenue (HB01/22/006J).

North elevation is of three-storeys, blank, cement rendered unpainted finish, with three-storey rear return built at half-landing level with a small red-brick chimney rising from the gable-end (described above). Rear elevation to main house is blank. Beyond the 3-storey return is a single-storey duo pitch roofed abutment, with natural slate roof, red clay ridge tiles and from left to right; a flush door with glazed top panel, sliding sash window with 1/1 panes and a sheeted timber door; all heads extend to eaves level. A further blockwork lean-to, with corrugated metal monopitched roof abuts the gable end of the latter; painted white.

Pitched natural slate roof with terracotta clay ridge tiles to the main roof and rear return. Large red-brick chimney stack with dog-toothed corbel rising from the East side, centred on ridge with clay pots. Cast-iron guttering and circular downpipes to the front.

Materials:
Roof Natural Slate
RWG Cast Iron (S) Mixture of cast iron & uPVC (N)
Walling Brick (S) Smooth render, unfinished (N)
Windows Timber Sliding Sash

Setting:
Built as one of a terrace of eleven similar houses lining the north side of Clarence Avenue on a steep gradient, within the Magee Conservation Area, set back from the pavement with a small front garden and side garden. Rear yard bound to north and east by concrete block walling, with boarded timber gate and vertically sheeted fold-back door to monopitched garage, backing on to shared alley with the University campus beyond.

Historical information

According to Calley, Clarence Avenue was originally laid out in 1897. The Annual Revisions note that the terrace on the southern side of the street (nos 1-17) was constructed in 1899-1900 whilst the northern terrace comprising nos 2-22 (HB01/22/006A-K) was erected in 1900. The Irish Builder states that the northern terrace was designed by Robert Eccles Buchanan, a local architect and civil engineer who was active between 1887 and the 1920s. Buchanan carried out a number of domestic contracts within the city throughout this period but was also responsible for many church alterations including the repair of St Columb’s Cathedral in 1911 (HB01/19/001; Irish Builder, p. 243; DIA).

The northern expansion of Londonderry had been initiated in the mid-19th century by the construction of Georgian-style terraces on Great James Street, Queen Street and Clarendon Street. Mullin states that Edenballymore and the Northland Road was still rural in character when the Victorian terrace of Crawford Square (HB01/22/003; 004) was constructed in the 1860s-1870s. The expansion of the city was facilitated by a period of economic growth and prosperity that endured from the 1860s until the end of the 19th century. The expansion of the city continued with the development of the Magee College campus. From the 1880s, new redbrick dwellings at College Terrace (HB01/22/026) and Clarence Avenue were erected to provide accommodation for students and employees of the college (Mullin, p. 119; Rowan, p. 371). Clarence Avenue was named after the last Duke of Clarence, Prince Albert Victor, son of King Edward VII. Clarence Avenue was named in memory of the Duke following his untimely death in 1892 at the age of 28.

Calley describes Nos 2-22 Clarence Street as a ‘generously proportioned …terrace of eleven three-storey red brick houses [that possess] canted bay windows running through the ground and first floors. The second floors have oversized cantilevered box-like pedimented square bay windows resting on the bay window below and supported by robust timber brackets.’ The UAHS guide praised Buchanan’s ‘fine terrace’ as ‘excellently modelled’ (Calley, pp 109-110; UAHS guide, p. 50).

No. 22 Clarence Avenue was built in 1900 and was initially valued at £30. The Annual revisions note that the house was originally occupied by Thomas White, a local accountant and estate agent with business premises on Castle Street. The 1901 census building return described White’s house as a 1st class dwelling that consisted of 12 rooms. The First General Revaluation of Property in Northern Ireland recorded a Mr James A. Thompson as owner of No. 22 Clarence Street by at least the 1930s; the value of the house had risen to £45 by that time. The White family continued to reside at Clarence Avenue until the 1950s. The Second Revaluation (1956-72) records that the value of the house stood at £48 in 1972.

Nos 2-22 Clarence Avenue was listed in 1979. The terrace was incorporated into the Magee Conservation Area in 2006. The Conservation Guide stated that the dwellings along the Northland Road, Lawrence Hill, Springham Street and Clarence Avenue ‘represent some of the city’s architecturally finest and grandest townhouses.’ Clarence Avenue in particular was noted as a terrace that ‘is very unified architecturally and is virtually intact’ (Magee Conservation Guides). The NIEA HB Records note that No. 22 Clarence Avenue underwent conservation work in 1986 that included the reslating of its roof in 2nd class slate, the renewal of its rainwater goods and the repair of its original windows (NIEA HB Records).

References

Primary Sources
1.PRONI OS/8/8/18/2/1-7 - Ordnance Survey Town Plan of Londonderry (1908)
2. PRONI VAL/12/B/33/2A-F – Annual Revisions (1898-1931)
3. PRONI VAL/3/C/6/10 – First General Revaluation of Property in Northern Ireland (1936-57)
4. PRONI VAL/4/B/5/13 – Second General Revaluation of Property in Northern Ireland (1956-72)
5. Irish Builder (15 Jan 1900)
6. Census of Ireland (1901; 1911)
7. Ulster Town Directories (1901-1918)
8. First Survey Record – HB01/22/006 (1970)
9. First Survey Image – HB01/22/006 (No Date)
10. NIEA HB Records – HB01/22/006K

Secondary Sources
1. Calley, D., ‘City of Derry: An historical gazetteer to the buildings of Londonderry’ Belfast: Ulster Architectural Heritage Society, 2013.
2. Ferguson, W. S; Rowan, A. J; Tracey, J. J., ‘List of historic buildings, groups of buildings, areas of architectural importance in and near the city of Derry’ Belfast: Ulster Architectural Heritage Society, 1970.
3. Mullin, T. H., Ulster’s Historic City: Derry – Londonderry’ Coleraine: Coleriane Bookshop, 1986.
4. ‘Design Guide for Magee Conservation Area’ Department of the Environment, 2010.

Online Resources
1. Dictionary of Irish Architects - http://www.dia.ie/

Criteria for listing: architectural interest

A. Style
B. Proportion
C. Ornamentation
H-. Alterations detracting from building
J. Setting
K. Group value

Criteria for listing: historic interest

R. Age
S. Authenticity
V. Authorship
X. Local Interest

Evaluation

End-of-terrace two-storey with attic, turn of the century red-brick house to designs by R. E. Buchanan on Clarence Avenue, named after the Duke of Clarence. Although the front entrance doors have been replaced, the original style and character remain and the leaded glass upper lights and half-timber work signify an Arts & Crafts influence, adding further quality and interest. No. 22 is part of a group of eleven similar houses stepping down the hill towards the river, Nos. 2-20 Clarence Avenue, (HB01/22/006 A-J inclusive), each one retaining its ornate doorcase and canted bay with alternating diagonal and straight half-timbered gables to cantilevered square bays above. Built in tandem with the college campus, this intact row of townhouses is well-articulated and it is one of the most distinctive buildings within the Magee Conservation Area.