14 CLARENCE AVENUE

The Department's description

Exterior description and setting

Late-Victorian mid-terrace two-bay three-storey brick, Arts and Crafts style townhouse, built 1900 to designs by R. E. Buchanan. Rectangular on plan with projecting rear return built at half-landing level. Principal elevation faces South onto Clarence Avenue, set behind low red-brick wall with painted railings above. Part of a terraced row of eleven similar houses of this type, lining the north side of Clarence Avenue.

Principle (S) elevation is of Flemish brick bond; two bays wide with a two-storey canted bay to right surmounted by a rectangular gabled bay to the second floor that is cantilevered on large timber brackets with carved timber corbels to either side. Vertical half-timber panelling to gable with plain wide painted timber fascia board. All openings are square-headed, including the entrance doorway, two steps up, with moulded cornice supported on console brackets on moulded pilasters to either side of a four-panel fielded painted timber door with stained glass flat topped fanlight above.

Windows to principle elevation are timber sliding sashes, 1/1 panes with stained glass upper lights to canted bay on ground and first floor and the same type of window above door opening at first floor level. 8/2 and 4/2 panes to second floor level. Painted rendered band to ground and first floor window heads, painted sill course to first and second floor windows.

East and West sides are abutted by adjoining buildings No. 12 & 16 Clarence Avenue (HB01/22/006F & HB01/22/006H).

North elevation is of three-storeys painted render finish with two-storey rear return built at half-landing level to left, stepping down to a single-storey abutment to rear return with natural slates and red clay ridge tile to duo-pitched roof. The fenestration pattern is irregular with 2/2 timber sliding sash windows to rear elevation and rear return (including west face that overlooks the yard to No.12), and a single casement window to the north elevation at ground floor level of rear return.

Pitched natural slate roof with terracotta ridge tiles to the main roof and black clay to rear return. Large redbrick chimney stack with dog-toothed corbel rising from the East side, centred on ridge of main roof with clay pots. Cast-iron guttering and circular downpipes to the front elevation.

Materials:
Roof Natural Slate
RWG Cast Iron
Walling Brick (S) Render, painted (N)
Windows Timber Sliding Sash except for one casement to GF within rear return

Setting:
Built as one of a terrace of eleven similar houses lining the north side of Clarence Avenue on a steep gradient, within the Magee Conservation Area, set back from the pavement with a small front garden. A slide-back timber door, painted blue, spans approximately half the width of the yard, within plain rendered walling topped by painted timber fascia board; corrugated metal overhanging from lean-to roof on reverse side. The yard backs on to a shared alley with the University campus beyond.

Historical information

According to Calley, Clarence Avenue was originally laid out in 1897. The Annual Revisions note that the terrace on the southern side of the street (nos 1-17) was constructed in 1899-1900 whilst the northern terrace comprising nos 2-22 (HB01/22/006A-K) was erected in 1900. The Irish Builder states that the northern terrace was designed by Robert Eccles Buchanan, a local architect and civil engineer who was active between 1887 and the 1920s. Buchanan carried out a number of domestic contracts within the city throughout this period but was also responsible for many church alterations including the repair of St Columb’s Cathedral in 1911 (HB01/19/001; Irish Builder, p. 243; DIA).

The northern expansion of Londonderry had been initiated in the mid-19th century by the construction of Georgian-style terraces on Great James Street, Queen Street and Clarendon Street. Mullin states that Edenballymore and the Northland Road was still rural in character when the Victorian terrace of Crawford Square (HB01/22/003; 004) was constructed in the 1860s-1870s. The expansion of the city was facilitated by a period of economic growth and prosperity that endured from the 1860s until the end of the 19th century. The expansion of the city continued with the development of the Magee College campus. From the 1880s, new redbrick dwellings at College Terrace (HB01/22/026) and Clarence Avenue were erected to provide accommodation for students and employees of the college (Mullin, p. 119; Rowan, p. 371). Clarence Avenue was named after the last Duke of Clarence, Prince Albert Victor, son of King Edward VII. Clarence Avenue was named in memory of the Duke following his untimely death in 1892 at the age of 28.

Calley describes Nos 2-22 Clarence Street as a ‘generously proportioned …terrace of eleven three-storey red brick houses [that possess] canted bay windows running through the ground and first floors. The second floors have oversized cantilevered box-like pedimented square bay windows resting on the bay window below and supported by robust timber brackets.’ The UAHS guide praised Buchanan’s ‘fine terrace’ as ‘excellently modelled’ (Calley, pp 109-110; UAHS guide, p. 50).

No. 14 Clarence Avenue was built in 1900 and was initially valued at £26. The Annual revisions note that the house was originally occupied by Robert Gray Morrison, a local accountant at the Belfast Banking Company on Bank Place. The census building return described Morrison’s house as a 1st class dwelling that consisted of 10 rooms. The First General Revaluation of Property in Northern Ireland increased the value of No. 14 Clarence Avenue to £37 and recorded a Mr James A. Thompson as owner of the house by at least the 1930s. The value of the house was further increased to £43 by the end of the Second Revaluation (1956-72).

Nos 2-22 Clarence Avenue was listed in 1979. The terrace was incorporated into the Magee Conservation Area in 2006. The Conservation Guide stated that the dwellings along the Northland Road, Lawrence Hill, Springham Street and Clarence Avenue ‘represent some of the city’s architecturally finest and grandest townhouses.’ Clarence Avenue in particular was noted as a terrace that ‘is very unified architecturally and is virtually intact’ (Magee Conservation Guides). The NIEA HB Records note that No. 14 Clarence Avenue underwent conservation work in 1986 that included the reslating of its roof in 2nd hand slate and the overhaul of its cast iron rainwater goods (NIEA HB Records).

References

Primary Sources
1.PRONI OS/8/8/18/2/1-7 - Ordnance Survey Town Plan of Londonderry (1908)
2. PRONI VAL/12/B/33/2A-F – Annual Revisions (1898-1931)
3. PRONI VAL/3/C/6/10 – First General Revaluation of Property in Northern Ireland (1936-57)
4. PRONI VAL/4/B/5/13 – Second General Revaluation of Property in Northern Ireland (1956-72)
5. Irish Builder (15 Jan 1900)
6. Census of Ireland (1901; 1911)
7. Ulster Town Directories (1901-1918)
8. First Survey Record – HB01/22/006 (1970)
9. First Survey Image – HB01/22/006 (No Date)
10. NIEA HB Records – HB01/22/006G

Secondary Sources
1. Calley, D., ‘City of Derry: An historical gazetteer to the buildings of Londonderry’ Belfast: Ulster Architectural Heritage Society, 2013.
2. Ferguson, W. S; Rowan, A. J; Tracey, J. J., ‘List of historic buildings, groups of buildings, areas of architectural importance in and near the city of Derry’ Belfast: Ulster Architectural Heritage Society, 1970.
3. Mullin, T. H., Ulster’s Historic City: Derry – Londonderry’ Coleraine: Coleriane Bookshop, 1986.
4. ‘Design Guide for Magee Conservation Area’ Department of the Environment, 2010.

Online Resources
1. Dictionary of Irish Architects - http://www.dia.ie/

Criteria for listing: architectural interest

A. Style
B. Proportion
C. Ornamentation
J. Setting
K. Group value

Criteria for listing: historic interest

S. Authenticity
V. Authorship
X. Local Interest
R. Age

Evaluation

Mid-terrace two-storey with attic, turn of the century red-brick house to designs by R. E. Buchanan on Clarence Avenue, named after the Duke of Clarence. The Late Victorian style and character survive and the leaded glass upper lights and half-timber work signify an Arts & Crafts influence, adding further quality and interest. No. 14 is part of a group of eleven similar houses stepping down the hill towards the river, Nos. 2-12 & 16-22 Clarence Avenue, (HB01/22/006 A-F & H-K inclusive), each one retaining its ornate doorcase and canted bay with alternating diagonal and straight half-timbered gables to cantilevered square bays above. Built in tandem with the college campus, this intact row of townhouses is well-articulated and it is one of the most distinctive buildings within the Magee Conservation Area.