Bridge

The National Monuments Service's description

Birr is situated in the low-lying fertile valley of the Little Brosna River. The town developed SE of the castle (OF035-012004-) and within the bounds of a pronounced meander in the River Camcor. The Camcor joins the Little Brosna to NW of the town. St Brendan reputedly established a monastery (OF035-012001-/003-) here in the 6th century which subsequently became a prestigious and influential foundation and one of the most celebrated members of St Columcille's great federation of churches. Located in the border area between the provinces of Munster, Meath, Leinster and Connacht and itself located in the territory of Eile in Munster, the monastic settlement was frequently chosen as a venue for the meetings of both kings and churchmen, perhaps the most significant of which were the synods of AD 697 and 1174. An Anglo-Norman castle (OF035-012009-) and settlement had been established at Birr by 1207 and continued at least until c. 1315. By the mid-14th century the settlement had reverted to the O'Carrolls of Ely. The 'Black Castle' (OF035-012010-) became one of the principal seats of the ruling branch of that dynasty and remained as such until its sale to Butler of Ormond in 1594. In 1621 as part of the Plantation of Ely O'Carroll, Laurence Parsons was granted the lands, 'castle and fortilage' of Birr which became the manor of Parsonstown and a new castle (OF035-012004-) was erected by the Parsons family. It was from this time and under Laurence Parsons' direction that Birr began to develop as a true town. A map of Birr made by Michael Richards in 1691 indicates that the town was esentially linear in plan, a layout which is preserved in Main St. with a subtriangular market place at the S end near the bridge. There was a masonry bridge at the S end of the town crossing the River Camcor as early as 1626 which was replaced by the present structure of mid-18th century origin, and according to Cooke (1875, 45) there was a second 17th-century bridge near the castle in the vicinity of St Brendan's holy well (OF035-012005-). The present Bridge at the S end of the town is a multi-period structure which has been widened several times. The core of this bridge may be the 17th century bridge that is mentioned in 1626.

Compiled by: Caimin O'Brien.

Date of upload: 23 May 2011

References

Cooke, T.L. 1875 The early history of the town of Birr. Dublin. Robertson.