Juvankosken historiallinen teollisuusympäristö

English translation (from the Finnish)

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Description

Juvankoski, on the Pernjoki river, represents in its original form a production environment of the paper industry from the 19th century. The course of the rapids is in essentially the same condition as during the operation of the Juvankoski paper mill, one of the country's earliest paper industry establishments, from the 1820s to the early 20th century.

Juvankoski is situated on the Pernjoki, which flows from Pernjärvi to Ylisjärvi, in hilly and wooded terrain. The rapids are over 21 metres high and 310 metres long. On the shore of the Juvankoski dam reservoir stands the old main building of Juvankoski, which was also used for board production during the paper mill period. It is the oldest surviving production premises in the paper industry in our country. The log building standing on top of a high rock dates from the second half of the 19th century. It was later used as living and communal premises for the employees of Juvankosken Voima Oy. On the edge of the rapids stands a two-storey sawmill building from the early 20th century. The sawmill equipment has survived. In addition, high stone supports have survived in the rapids bed; they relate to an approximately 200-metre-long wooden flume that once led water to the hydroelectric power station.

Along the road leading to Juvankoski there are a few small residential houses from the 1920s and 1930s, built by workers of the sawmill and the Juvankoski power station. The industrial activity at Juvankoski ended in the 1960s and 1970s. The main building and the sawmill have been renovated for use by the parish for camps and recreation.

History

The rapids on the lands of Pöytiö village in Pertteli were being utilised from the 16th century at the latest. Mills were built at least at Juvankoski and Sahankoski. A sawmill operated at Sahankoski in the 19th century, possibly already in the previous century. The industrial history of Juvankoski began when the inspector of the Kiikala glass factory received permission to establish a paper mill in 1820. The paper mill began operating in 1824. The mill, which was powered by water from the rapids, initially employed eight people, and already 39 people by 1850. Later, two steam engines were installed at the mill, one of six and the other of eight horsepower. The Juvankoski paper mill used rags as its raw material, from which cardboard and fine paper were produced. In the two successive rapids and mills, white paper was produced in the upper one and grey paper in the lower one.

The paper mill burned four times. The last fire was in 1902, after which it was not rebuilt. Juvankoski was sold to J.A. Kivi, who founded a sawmill at the rapids. Timber was floated to the lake, from where it was guided along a flume to the sawmill. The transport of timber was also carried out by horse and later by motor vehicle. In the 1920s, a hydroelectric power station of Juvankosken Voima Oy was established next to the sawmill and mill at Juvankoski. The power company also established power stations downstream at Myllykoski and Sahankoski and supplied electricity to the municipalities of Pertteli, Muurla and Kiikala. The Juvankoski sawmill was in operation until 1965, and the energy production of the power stations ended in the 1970s.