Perniönjokilaakson kartanot ja viljelymaisema

English translation (from the Finnish)

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Description

The Perniö valley belongs to the old core area of the Finnish manor system, where manors and large farms are remarkably dense. The old rälssi estates in the area include Melkkilä, Paarskylä, Yliskylä and Pohjankartano manors. The large farms also include Halla, also known as Uotila, in Pohjankylä. The farms are surrounded by fields that have been under cultivation for centuries. Prehistoric finds along the Perniönjoki reveal the long settlement history of the area and its central location along travel routes.

Melkkilä manor lies on a hill southwest of the kirkonkylä of Perniö. The Rococo-style main building of the manor was built in 1775. The manor's building stock dates mainly from the 19th century and the early 20th century. The oldest outbuildings include a grain storehouse dating from 1699. The park surrounding the manor was laid out in the 18th century.

Parskylä manor, on the eastern bank of the Perniönjoki, is surrounded by fields. The parent farm is a former rälssisäteri. The building stock includes a long main building with a gabled roof from the early 19th century, a cowshed dating from 1896, a workers' residential building and a cheese dairy from the early 20th century.

Yliskylä manor stands on a knoll above the fields on the western bank of the Perniönjoki. Its main building, built in 1828, was remodelled in the villa style of 1900. The outbuildings include a grey stone grain storehouse dating from 1857. Some of the workers' residential buildings that once stood around the parent farm have survived. Between the manor and the neighbouring Ylikylä chapel curves the Suuri Rantatie, which has medieval origins. There is an Iron Age cemetery in the church area.

Pohjankartano lies in a low, rolling cultivated clearing. The manor, known since the Middle Ages, is situated on the eastern bank of the Perniönjoki. It was the area's early industrial centre; there are two rapids in the area, Pohjankoski and Hamarinkoski. The two-storey, rendered main building with a high hipped roof was designed by architect Toivo Paatela and built in 1929. The other buildings on the estate are newer. The two earlier main buildings, both destroyed by fire, stood about 100 metres from the present one, and a birch avenue leads to their site.

Pohjankylä lies on an open cultivated clearing north of Pohjankartano. On the old village site stands Halla, whose brick outbuildings are grouped closely around the wooden main building, completed in 1881 and renovated in 1920. Much of the outbuildings were designed by engineer Uno Sjöholm in the 1920s. The second kylätontti of Pohjankylä is situated on a hillock on the opposite side of the Korvenkyläntie, and there stands the farm centre of the Ristikartano parent farm. The kylätontti of Pohjankylä remain clearly visible in the landscape.

History

Perniö parish was a stronghold of the Finnish manor system. Three ironworks brought wealthy gentry to the area, including ironworks owners, bookkeepers and managers, who invested their money in the farms of the district. As a result of these gentry investments, new large estates came into being, which usually developed from one rustholl or several rälssitila farms. Through the formation of large estates, the number of farms in the parish fell over a hundred years, from the 1860s to the 1970s, from 239 to 142.

Melkkilä, or Yli-Melkkilä, manor was already significant in the 16th century, and its earlier stone manor building was presumably built at that time. In the 1850s the Traanala rälssitila of the village of Ali-Melkkilä was merged into Melkkilä, in the 1810s the Tiipilä inheritance farm of Haarla, and in the 1910s the Meriknaapila rälssitila. The manor had 305 hectares of arable land and was one of the parish's most notable landowners still in the early 1880s.

Paarskylä had manorial privilege in the 16th century, and in the 1740s the Mikkola and Hossla rälssitila farms were merged into it, in the 1830s the Junni, Tuomola and Greula rälssitila farms, and in the 1870s the Ketunpyöli rälssitila. All of them had been lampuotitila farms of the manor from the 18th century. Still in the early 18th century the säteriratsutila of Pääriset was merged into the estate. A cheese dairy operated on the farm, and in the early 20th century a sawmill operated in the manor area. The master of Paarskylä was involved in influencing the siting of Perniö railway station at Paarskylä in the 1890s.

Yliskylä manor was formed in 1600 from a former prebend farm and a croft. It received manorial privilege in 1602, which was revoked in favour of the Crown in the early 1680s, and it was formed into a säteriratsutila. A limekiln, a distillery and a cheese dairy operated on the manor. In the 1890s the Isontalo inheritance farm of the village of Kuusto was merged into the estate.

Pohjankartano was a medieval residential manor. In the 17th century there were mills on two rapids in the manor area, and in the 18th century there was a rautatakomo at Hamarinkoski. Later a sawmill and a power station operated at Pohjankoski. The fief was revoked in 1690 and formed into a ratsutila. The manor had its own mill and sawmill from 1745, and an electricity works from 1918. The manor was sold in 1910, and half of its area was parcelled out to farmers. From 1917 to 1974 the Salo maanviljelyskoulu operated at the manor.

Pohjankylä was settled in the Middle Ages. At the time of the Isojako, the village had seven farms, located on two village hills. The Halla farm was formed in 1791 from Uotila, which had been bought as an inheritance, and to it were added the Halla holding in 1844 and the Risa and Mattila holdings in 1910.