Rijnoord

English translation

The text above is the record as published by the Rijksdienst voor het Cultureel Erfgoed, in Dutch. The English below is a machine translation made by TreeAlive, not by the Rijksdienst voor het Cultureel Erfgoed; it has not been checked by a person. Where the two differ, the original is the record. Report a translation error: privacy@treealive.com

Description

Description of component 1.

Seventeenth-century FARMHOUSE, presumably named after the Dammes van Rijn family who once inhabited the farmhouse. The single storey front house is built on a square groundplan. The volume is crowned by an encircling hipped roof which is thatched with reed. On the four corners there are mortared chimneys. The ridge is provided with ridge tiles. The facades are laid in alternating brick-and-header bond. They possess a black-tarred plinth, above which the brickwork is whitewashed up to halfway up the facades. The front facade has on the left two windows for the chamber room. Below are a cellar light and a mortared buttress. On the right the front facade has two sash windows. Centrally above a facade is a Flemish gable with a thatched steeking roof. In this is set a modern window. The facade has a number of wall anchors at irregular intervals. The right side facade is provided from left to right with an entrance with a modern entrance door with fanlight, and two sash windows. Furthermore this facade shows wall anchors at regular distances from each other. In the roof panel above this facade are two roof dormers. The left side facade is partly obscured from view by the passage which adjoins the later-added summer house. On the right side of the passage the facade consists of blind brickwork. Only at the bottom are two small cellar lights. On the left side of the passage is in the facade a window with a historic frame and renewed sashes. It should be noted that this situation is representative of all windows in the front house. Apart from the two sash windows in the right side facade and the cellar lights, all windows thus show historic frames with renewed sashes. The rear facade is entirely obscured from view by the barn.

Internally the shell consists of the original wooden partition walls, which separate the chamber room, room, kitchen and former scullery from each other. The rooms are provided with the original simple beam layers. The roof truss structure consists of three collar tie beams placed parallel to the front facade, which are provided with hewn carpenters' marks. Because of the difference in height of the breastwork under the roof as a result of the chamber room the posts on the left and right are executed differently. The posts on the right side are of oak timber and higher than the pine posts on the left. On the collar tie beams stand pine, A-shaped roof trusses. The construction carries square, pine purloins.

Notable interior elements are in the left rear room among other things a seventeenth-century oak spiral stair with open treads and a mortared stair to the cellar. The cellar possesses among other things cross vaults on a mortared column and candle niches. On the attic is a renewed Cologne gutter which drains towards the rear on the right.

Valuation

The FARMHOUSE is of general importance:

- because of the architectural peculiarities;

- because of the uniqueness;

- because of building historical peculiarities.

Cultural-historical description

Introduction

Little is known about the farmhouse in the literature. Ter Kuile mentions the farmhouse in his Illustrated Description of Leiden and Western Rhineland and writes: 'Rijnoord, situated in the Western corner of the Mottigerpolder. Well-preserved 17th century farmhouse of somewhat unusual form, now used solely as a dwelling.' According to the Historical Circle Voorhout, the Dammes van Rijn family would have been the owner and through this the name 'Rijnoord' is to be explained. Then there is a 17th century map of the area, made by Johannes Pietersz. Duo, on which the farmhouse is presumably depicted.

During the visit on site, the following building components were encountered and examined:

- A block-shaped front house - dwelling - with surrounding hipped roof thatched with reed. (Building component A).

- Against the rear facade of the front house is the former barn section - now a dwelling - also thatched with reed. (Building component B).

- To the left, halfway along the depth of the front house, stands a renovated summer house with a tiled roof. (Building component C). The summer house - nowadays a separate dwelling - is connected to the front house by means of an intermediate element in the form of a passageway with a front door.

- Behind the summer house a round churn house (Building component D) thatched with reed.

Building component A

The front house is the oldest and most distinctive building component of the complex. This almost square block is divided into four rooms and has retained its original layout completely. On the left are the parlour, newel staircase and behind it the former rinsing place, on the right the living room with behind it the former kitchen. The parlour and living room at the front are identical and five (simple) bay spans deep, the kitchen and adjacent room lie in line with the front rooms and are four bay spans deep. The wall between the living room and the kitchen is the chimney wall. This still has a fireplace on both sides. The original oak newel staircase with open treads is situated in the room at the rear left. The staircase is placed in the inner corner against the central wall and the parlour wall and provides access to the parlour (via an old window frame) and loft (via an original hatch). Next to the staircase is the access to the barrel-vaulted cellar. Via a masoned (worn) staircase the space beneath the parlour is accessible. The cellar consists of two large (front) and two small (rear) cross vaults separated from each other by means of belt arches and supported on a central masoned pillar. In the left side wall are two original light openings provided with window frames with thief irons. The front window is flanked by candle niches. The window frame in the front facade is secondary, as is the buttress that is masoned on the outside against the front facade to give the vault lateral thrust. All rooms on the ground floor are ceilinged over by a simple deal timber beam layer provided with a quarter-round profile. Because the beams of the parlour do not lie at the same level as those of the living room, kitchen and former rinsing space, the loft has a remarkable structure. The part above the parlour projects out above the remaining three rooms. Notable on the loft is further the large flue channel above the fireplaces in the left part of the building. This original channel is masoned on beams, situated on and over the simple beam layer. The 'smoke chamber' contains a large window frame with shutter to allow meat to be hung in the channel through it. The channel ends in the chimney at the rear right. The roof truss is, thanks to the square shape of the front house and the raised part at the location of the parlour, extremely remarkable. Namely, there is a roof truss with hipped roof on all four sides. The roof surfaces on the inside thus form a kind of funnel which opens onto a zinc plate. The rainwater from this plate is discharged by means of a so-called Cologne gutter. The recently replaced gutter projects at the rear right, through the roof at the height of the collar beams. The roof truss is extraordinarily well preserved and carefully made of deal and oak wood. The structure consists of three collar beam trusses parallel to the front facade. In the front and rear collar beam both half trusses of the front and rear sides are jointed. The trusses are numbered with hewn carpenters' marks, from rear to front, which consist of semicircular gouges on the right and straight chisel cuts on the left. Because of the difference in height between the left and right sides of the building the truss posts are executed differently on the left and right. The right posts are of oak and higher than the deal posts on the left.

On the collar beams stands a second series of A-shaped roof trusses, all made of pine wood. The horizontal timber is braced by nailed corbels. On the ends of the projecting beams lie the worm plates. The ridge is formed by a diagonally positioned ridge board. This truss structure supports the square pine rafters with the thatched roof covering. Particularly notable are the dummy chimneys on the corners of the roof slopes. These stand on a beam structure above the tie beams of the A trusses. Against the rear gable on the left is, presumably around 1850, a narrow extension. This is characterized by 17th century floor tiles that are laid against the old outer wall. The yellowish-brown and green tiles are placed diagonally above the remnant of a large brine tub. The space must therefore have had a function in cheese-making.

In summary. The single-storey and partly cellared front house is in its core still entirely 17th century (second half to middle). The spatial layout is preserved, including the oak wooden spiral staircase, and the construction is still largely original. Particularly notable is the well-preserved hipped roof with unequal trusses, saddle board and Cologne gutter. Farmhouses with such a roof are very rare. The roof dormer windows on the right roof slope were added, the windows have been renewed and reduced in the past, and a number of door openings have been broken through. A drawback is the lack of original interior components such as chimneys and wall panelling in the rooms. However, a tiled floor has been preserved in the right front room, as well as a worked cast-iron fireplace plate in the room on the right rear.

Building Component B

The former barn is attached to the front house and also thatched. This building component functions, like the front house, as an independent dwelling and retains very few original components. The high side walls are broken through in various places and provided with windows with historicizing glazing bars. Only the rear gable with the wattling and corner posts on the corners is still reasonably intact. The timber framing is largely lost or renewed. Given the masonry, this building component was built in the second half of the 19th century (despite the corner posts), as a replacement for an older one, as a barn. It has (architectural) historical value only as a form.

Building Component C

The summer house to the left of the farmhouse is a small rectangular building that also functions as a dwelling. The summer house is connected to the main building by means of a passage with front door and flat roof. The building is provided with a gabled roof parallel to the street, covered with renewed red corrugated tiles. The gable end on the side of the farmhouse is provided with wattling and a small door with three-part fanlight in the gable top. The opposite gable end is cladded with a newly constructed gable. At the level of the old gable is a chimney. In the side gable at the front is a large multi-paned window. Like the barn, much here has also been renewed. The main form, which probably dates from around 1851, is still present but the later alterations have not done the historical values any good.

Building Component D

Behind the summer house stands a round building with a conical thatched roof. This butter house is built of red bricks in a header bond. A number of blocked-up slit windows are visible in the walls. Above the entrance on the rear side is an oak lintel which is set into the masonry with white tiles. At this location the butter house is dated by means of a stone inscribed: IVP 2/26 1851. The fact that the structure will also date from this period is evident from the cadastral plan from around 1830, on which neither the summer house nor the butter house are yet depicted. The interior of the butter house still contains two old pine wooden beams with carpenters' marks that tell something about the construction of the butter churn. The roof truss structure was recently renewed. The butter house from 1851 has definite historical value. The round structure has been well preserved as regards its brickwork and is characteristic of the farmsteads in certain parts of South Holland.

Conclusion

On account of the distinctive and well-preserved character of the 17th-century front house, and the added value of the round butter house, a listing on the National Monument Register is justified. The barn and summer dwelling are certainly affected by deterioration but in their main form still recognizable as part of the farmhouse complex. Of interest are the extensions from around 1850, which indicate that cheese and dairy production came to play a large or greater role.

Albert Reinstra May '04