Winkel (G2), Meipoortstraat 22

English translation

The text above is the record as published by the Rijksdienst voor het Cultureel Erfgoed, in Dutch. The English below is a machine translation made by TreeAlive, not by the Rijksdienst voor het Cultureel Erfgoed; it has not been checked by a person. Where the two differ, the original is the record. Report a translation error: privacy@treealive.com

Description

Introduction

SHOP-DWELLING HOUSE of two storeys with a characterful shop front, brought into its present form through thorough renovation in 1875, since preserved intact. Originally it concerns a presumed 16th-century building, consisting of front and rear house, of which the cellar and roof truss bear witness. In 1875 a storey was inserted within the existing framework of the front house. The building lies in the medieval town, on the building line, in a continuous street frontage. The narrow passage on the right is closed off on the building line. The associated workshop situated behind a courtyard does not fall under the protection. Description

SHOP-DWELLING HOUSE of two storeys with a characterful shop front, brought into its present form through thorough renovation in 1875, since preserved intact. Originally it concerns a presumed 16th-century building, of which the cellar and roof truss bear witness. In 1875 a storey was inserted within the existing framework of the front house. The substantial roof truss of the front house is a gabled roof with front roof panel, somewhat shortened to half-hipped; the somewhat lower gabled roof of the rear house has a rear roof panel. The roof bears, as a consequence of repairs, both red and black old-Dutch tiles. A section is pointed with mortar. The REAR HOUSE comprises two storeys and a similar roof truss as the front house. The FRONT FACADE is a white plastered cornice-topped facade, three arched windows with cross windows in breadth. The simplified cornice projects significantly with the gutter line. The dark brown shop front is richly executed and consists of two parts coupled under one cornice. The right part is the shop front with central entrance, the left contains the access to the dwelling. The far-projecting moulding rests on substantial rococo consoles, above which the moulding projects forward. The consoles rest on pilasters with recessed fields, edged with a moulded profile that at the top turns around the console. The shop front stands on a plastered plinth, which is stuccoed and painted grey to create the impression of ashlar. In the parapet are cellar lights with a cast-iron decorative grille; the top is arched in a herringbone pattern. Behind a stone step lies the double shop door, consisting of two glazed doors with a moulded-edged cushion panel at the bottom. This contains a pronounced, quarter-hollow projecting forward field, in which in turn a recessed diamond head lies, itself edged with a profile. The three fanlights have a moulded edge and the top is arched in a herringbone pattern with a small rocaille in the apex. The wooden cherub heads between the fanlights are a recent addition.

The access to the dwelling, behind a stone block step and likewise threshold, also has a glazed door with two tall lights side by side. Beneath it two standing, above it two horizontal cushion panels of the aforementioned type are mounted. The door frame is unprofile, but the upper corners are finished with a quarter-hollow on strips. The lavishness of the shop front stands in stark contrast to the contemporary, austere finishing of the upper facade. The LEFT and RIGHT SIDE FACADES are built into adjacent structures.

The REAR FACADE of the rear house is a very plain, white plastered cornice-topped facade of two storeys, two windows in breadth. The rear door is situated, viewed from behind, entirely to the right. On the rear roof panel is situated in the middle, on the gutter, a roof dormer with loading doors.

The INTERIOR: to the left of the entrance a passage extends through to the rear facade. The shop occupies the entire front house. During a renovation, closed-off beam holes were found in the left side wall which, given their placement, may indicate the presence of an intermediate insertion or intermediate storey. This would not fit the current, but would fit the original storey height.

The rear house contains an intermediate room and a large chamber. Originally the rear house consisted of one undivided space with a round central hearth.

Opening onto the passage is the staircase down to the cellar, followed by the one to the storey. In the arched passageway to the rear house is a glazed door serving as a draught door. This forms with the staircase a fine corner dating from 1875. The staircase possesses a very finely carved claw bracket and a handrail running in one piece from it. This rests on cast-iron balusters with knob with floral decoration. The staircase proceeds via the balustrade on the landing fluidly into the attic staircase, all detailed in the same manner. The layout of the FIRST FLOOR dates from 1875, when this storey came into being. The ATTIC shows this intervention unmistakably in that the medieval roof truss, complete with couples, remained in place. At the underside the curved braces were shortened, as a result the tie beams now lie unusually low. The entire oak roof truss has otherwise been preserved intact. It is a coupled roof truss with for each pair of couples a collar tie without a ridge board. The couples and collar ties are square. The simple couples with curved braces (through the shortening now without the curve) have scratched carpenters' marks, counting backwards from 3 to 1 from the front. On the left one mark is always broken in its execution. On the tie beams rest the common rafters, the couple members have wind braces.

On the couples now lie asbestos sheets. In the middle of the attic, against the underside of two collar ties, a 17th-century stair tread is nailed for a secondary function.

The attic floor is that from 1875, with broad, tapering sections. The width varies, the broader ones measure 50 cm, tapering to 37 cm. To the right at the front of the attic a built-in wooden servant's room has been completely preserved. To the right is a 19th-century light well serving the landing. Against the party wall between front and rear house stands on both sides an original flue. The ROOF TRUSS of the REAR HOUSE has the same configuration as that of the front house, but the couples are here replaced by round timber examples with individual collar ties. Only a part of the square oak predecessors is preserved in sawn form under the common rafters. The tiles of the unboarded roof are pointed with mortar. A HOISTING INSTALLATION, presumed to date from 1875, is completely preserved. The hoist wheel is at right angles to the rear facade, where a roof dormer with hoist beam serves to bring goods from the rear yard to the attic. The wheel consists of two layers of planks nailed crosswise onto each other, which are then sawn down to a disc. Iron clamps with upstanding teeth guide the rope.

The CELLAR lies beneath the front house, but leaves a strip free on the right side and rear. This arrangement seems to point to an older origin than the building above, but concrete evidence for this is not visible. The two groin vaults one behind the other, separated by a wall arch, have sharp groins. Large stone is used for both walls and vaults, but dating is not possible without further investigation. To the right at the front remains a section of the external staircase, for which a separate small cellar has been built out to the right.

Appraisal

The SHOP-DWELLING HOUSE is a medieval building with an entirely altered layout in the 19th century and a fine eclectic shop front from 1875.

- of architectural historical value due to the well-preserved design of the 1875 renovation, with associated fine shop front and some interior details.

- of building historical value particularly due to the roof truss and the cellar, as well as the renovation history in the 19th century.

- of industrial archaeological value is the well-preserved hoisting installation in the attic.

- of urban design value due to its role in the historic street scene through on the one hand the old, plot-division-characterizing main mass, on the other hand the rich shop front.

Cultural-historical description

The residents have occupied the building for a very long time: the master of the house was born in it. Part of the information is based on their communications. The previous archivist researched the ownership history of the building, of which they have an extract (not seen by me), going back to the middle of the 16th century. The archivist concluded from the documents that it was built at that time. The cellar and the roof truss structure would then date from that period.

Around 1965 the residents removed the rotted wooden floor in the back room of the rear building, which lay on oak beams directly in the sand. 30cm lower they found a tile floor and another 30cm lower still one of small tiles. The round central hearth in the middle was edged with brick and contained upright remains of an iron bracket. A very good photograph of this is kept in the house, taken by the master's wife, of which a print has been donated to the Openluchtmuseum in Arnhem. The ROB was asked to come and look. The room lay open for months, but it was not until after the concrete had been poured that this service came, to no avail. Such a central, medieval hearth was subsequently found again in Doesburg: in 1985 in Bergstraat 40 (Bouwhuis, G.J. & J.W. van Petersen, Doesburg ten voeten uit. Een rondgang langs de monumenten en vestingwerken van een kleine Hanzestad. Doesburg (Monumentenvereniging 15 April 1915), 1987. (64 pp. ISBN 90.70845.17.2), pp. 42, 44).

The rear building has on the ground floor in both rooms situated one behind the other a fairly flat ceiling with a few cased beams that project barely from the stuccoed panels. These are spaced more than one and a half metres apart. Between these lie, it is said, several thinner intermediate beams.

Due to the installation of a wheelchair lift, the lower part of the stair railing on the wall side of the stairs from ground floor to first floor has been removed, but this has been carefully dismantled and is kept on the attic in preparation for reinstatement.

Difficult to interpret is the resident's story that the left gable shows at half the height of the original measure, thus approximately 3 metres above the floor, every 60cm filled-in beam holes of a beam layer across the full depth of the front building. He sees in this a balustrade, but the masonry of the left gable was never exposed. An intermediate floor in the construction of the house is unlikely, a corbel more plausible. If the building traces indeed ran across the full depth, one might think of a corbel in depth rather than in width. The suggestion of a balustrade comes close to that.

The residents have a print of the building drawing of the gable renovation in 1875, by Schepers (not seen). This does not show an "existing condition".

Several blocked openings in the wall, in use as cupboards or niches, indicate a past ownership relationship with the left neighbouring building. That building supposedly has under the front part a cellar that connects with that of number 22, but smaller (not seen). The cellar wall shows, at first sight, no traces of a passage.

The party wall between front and rear building deserves further study. The chimney flues running diagonally to the ridge, standing back to back, of the same size stone as the wall, can provide clarification regarding a possible age difference between the two building components. It is notable that building traces to the left of the chimney appear to indicate an old window opening; this does not fit the picture.

Remarkable is the aforementioned plank nailed in the middle of the attic to the underside of two successive roof timbers with wrought nails: it is a reused 17th-century stair tread with a lug and a broken ogee. The tread has been sawn from the spiral and the front is missing from the widest half. The outside of the tread has been sawn square; a tenon protrudes upward in this hole for the still unclear secondary function at this location. Apparently the tenon held something in place that lay over the traces and had to be secured against tipping.

The cellar leaves, as stated, a strip free on the right side and the rear of the front building. The initial impression that this concerns the cellar of an older building is contradicted at first sight by the manner of roofing: the two groin vaults one behind the other, separated by a transverse arch do not appear to be older than the sixteenth century. The sharp groins bend at their crossing far beneath a round vault line. Large stone was used for the vault, as well as for the walls, which could indicate contemporaneity. To the right front adjoins a small side cellar, in the 1.75m wide non-cellared strip, with the remnant of a staircase facing the street. This placement appears original, given the transverse arch that forms the connection to the main cellar. This makes the most obvious explanation of the non-cellared strip less likely: an internal passage to the rear yard. The roof truss structure, which can at the latest date from the same period, covers the entire width of the building and thereby rules out the option of a narrower building.

The 19th-century workshop that adjoins behind a courtyard, situated on the Helmichstraat, has a fine reused empire door. Against the rear wall of the courtyard stands a bollard of the broad, flat type, originating from elsewhere. Originally the buildings ran along the Helmichstraat in this form behind the right-hand neighbouring buildings as seen from there, with a roof truss structure that went around the corner along the Zandbergstraat. Under this continuous roof truss structure lay buildings that were not constructed at one time. The roof truss structure has now largely been removed.

Behind the building lies a tiled courtyard. Against the rear wall a flat bollard of the type originating from elsewhere, of the type that was common in the 17th century, has been placed. The decoration consists, apart from a top finished as a round rod, of a large, elegant A. The stone was reused with its back side up as a threshold, found in the entrance of the workshop from the Helmichstraat.

The 19th-century workshop which adjoins to the right of this at the rear onto the courtyard, was part of a row of similar buildings along the Helmichstraat. The door to the courtyard is a reused fine empire glass door, suggesting a double door. The pseudo-final seems to be executed as a fasces with at the top swinging lance points. Of the four panes the two top ones are executed as a round arch. The two panels below carry an applied diamond motif on the bias.