20 McMaster Street

The Department's description

Exterior description and setting

Description at 26/02/2013
Description as 19/07/2011 except all windows replaced to front elevation including new timber panelled door with camber headed transom light. Paint removed from all brickwork including plinth, brick chamfered reveals and camber headed window reveals.

Description at 19/07/2011
A two-storey single-bay late Victorian terrace built c.1898 by John McMaster to designs by J. Frazer and Son, located on the east side of McMaster Street, East Belfast.

Roof is pitched natural slate with clay ridge tiles, red brick chimney stack at south side; painted ogee profile cast-iron rainwater goods supported on projecting polychromactic brick eaves course on ovolo moulded corbel course. Walls are English garden-wall bonded red brick laid with alternating courses of headers and stretchers with two polychrome brick string courses (including a continuous brick and sill course at first floor); windows are not visible, currently covered by metal hoarding, door is also covered by metal hoarding with square headed transom light above. Windows and door contained within camber headed reveals with polychromactic brick chamfered reveals and voussoirs, projecting masonry sills. (All polychrome brickwork now painted with exception of that above first floor windows).

Principal (west) elevation contains entrance door at left accessed via concrete threshold; entrance flanked by window at right; two windows at first floor offset slightly to right.

North gable is abutted by No.18 McMaster Street (HB26/08/001P).

Rear (south) elevation was not accessible at time of survey. Access to enclosed yard from entry via a timber sheeted door at east, contained within high level brick walling at all sides.

South gable is abutted by No.22 McMaster Street (HB26/08/001T).

Setting:

Located at the north end of the east terrace two-storey block the house faces onto McMaster Street. The wide street formerly cobbled is now largely concrete with small cobbled area at each end. The house opens directly onto a wide pavement with granite kerbs and original lamp posts and electric lighting (former gas lights). Original tiled street signage at north and south. Rear elevation is enclosed by high level stretcher bonded modern red brick walling with painted vertically sheeted timber entrance door at centre, assessed via narrow entry which runs north south between back yards of Lendrick Street and McMaster Street. The street narrows towards Major Street at south.

Roof: Natural Slate
Walling: English garden-wall bonded red brick
Windows: Replacement 1/1 timber sliding sashes
RWG: Ogee profile cast-iron

Historical information

No. 20 McMaster Street first appears on the fourth edition of the Ordnance Survey map for Belfast in 1920-21 which shows that both terraces of McMaster Street had been constructed by that time. The Belfast Street Directories indicate that although all the houses on the western terrace (nos 1-37 McMaster Street) and nos 6-14 McMaster Street were constructed in 1898 and 1899, the rest of the eastern terrace (nos 16-52) were not added until 1908. The Annual Revisions indicate that the first occupant of No. 20 McMaster Street was a Mr. Henry Cousins who came into possession of the house in the year that the terrace was completed. In 1908 the house was valued at £8 and was let by a Mr. John McMaster who originally owned the land on the south side of the Newtownards Road on which he constructed the present street.

Like many of the residents of the street, a number of the occupants of No. 20 McMaster Street were employed at the nearby shipyards or the ropework factories which were the principal employers of workers in the area. The 1911 Census records that Cousins was employed as a Clerk with the Belfast Harbour Board; the Census Building Return described No. 20 as a 2nd class dwelling which consisted of seven rooms. The Belfast Street Directories record that Cousins continued to occupy No. 20 McMaster Street until at least 1918, however by 1930 the house was occupied by a Mr. Samuel Dunlop who was employed in the shipyards as a plater (Belfast Street Directories).

By the end of the Annual Revisions in 1930 the value of No. 20 remained at £8; however by the First General Revaluation of Northern Ireland in 1935 its value had increased to £11. During the Second World War McMaster Street escaped damage during the 1941 Belfast Blitz when the Luftwaffe targeted the nearby shipyards causing huge destruction to buildings and residential terraces along the Newtownards Road (Haines, p. 44). With the end of the war the government carried out the second revaluation of property in Northern Ireland; this revaluation recorded that ownership of the street had passed from John McMaster to an L. McMaster (unknown relative); the value of the house increased to £12 and remained at that amount by the end of the revaluation in 1972. Samuel Dunlop continued to reside at No. 20 McMaster Street until his death in 1962 at which time his widow, Ellen Dunlop came into possession. By 1980 the house was still occupied by a member of the Dunlop family when a Mr. William R. Dunlop, a driver, was recorded in possession (Belfast Burial Records 1962; Belfast Street Directories).

Nos 16-52 were constructed in 1908 a decade after construction of McMaster Street had begun. The Department of the Environment Conservation Area plan for the street records that McMaster Street was designed by John Frazer & Sons; Frazer was active between the 1890s and the second decade of the twentieth century and also designed a number of other terraced streets in Belfast including Chadwick Street and Meadowbank Place which are similar in design to McMaster Street. Chadwick Street was built in 1899 when McMaster Street’s first phase of construction had finished (Dictionary of Irish Architects).

The land owned by John McMaster was wedge shaped and so when the terraces were constructed they progressively became narrower, and the gardens became smaller, as they were built towards the end of the street. The parlour houses on McMaster Street were constructed to new housing and planning regulations which were designed to improve the standard of living in Belfast and so the terraces were amongst the first late-Victorian industrial houses in Belfast to be supplied with running water and flushable toilets; this was made possible due to the construction of a new city drainage system. Further, the piping of gas into each house to provide lighting was a new practice which along with the increased sanitary facilities set McMaster Street apart from the more squalid housing common in Belfast during the early Victorian period. Haines records that electricity was not introduced to the street until the 1930s (Haines, p. 44).

During the 1970s the Ballymacarrett area was extensively redeveloped with the demolition of many redbrick terraces similar to McMaster Street. Due to this redevelopment the preservation of McMaster Street, an intact remnant of late-Victorian working class housing, was desired and in 1987 No. 20 McMaster Street was listed along with the rest of the terrace. In 1994 the neighbourhood was designated a conservation area by the DOE and criteria was put in place to ensure that additions to the terrace were in keeping with the original design and fabric of the late-Victorian street.

References

Primary Sources

1. PRONI OS/6/3/1 – First Edition Ordnance Survey map 1834
2. PRONI OS/6/3/2 – Second Edition Ordnance Survey map 1858
3. PRONI OS/6/3/3 – Third Edition Ordnance Survey map 1902
4. PRONI OS/6/3/4 – Fourth Edition Ordnance Survey map 1920-21
5. PRONI OS/6/3/5 – Fifth Edition Ordnance Survey map 1931
6. PRONI VAL/12/B/43/A/28 – Annual Revisions 1897-1905
7. PRONI VAL/12/B/43/L/4 – Annual Revisions 1906-1914
8. PRONI VAL/12/B/43/L/8 – Annual Revisions 1915-1930
9. PRONI VAL/3/B/3/11 – First General Revaluation of Northern Ireland 1935
10. PRONI VAL/4/B/7/28 – Second General Revaluation of Northern Ireland 1956-1972
11. Belfast Street Directories (1901; 1907; 1908; 1910; 1918; 1930; 1940; 1950; 1960; 1970; 1980; 1990)
12. Census of Ireland (1901; 1911)
13. Belfast City Council: Burial Records (1962)

Secondary Sources

1. ‘McMaster Street Conservation Area’ Belfast: Department of the Environment, 1994.
2. Haines, K., ‘East Belfast: Paintings and stories from harbour to hills’ Donaghadee: Cottage Publications, 2001.
3. First Survey Record – HB26/08/001 (1984)

Online Resources

1. Dictionary of Irish Architects - http://www.dia.ie

Criteria for listing: architectural interest

A. Style
B. Proportion
C. Ornamentation
J. Setting
K. Group value

Criteria for listing: historic interest

R. Age
X. Local Interest

Evaluation

A two-storey single-bay late Victorian terrace built c.1896 by John McMaster to designs by J. Frazer and Son, located on the west side of McMaster Street, East Belfast. Having survived the German Blitz in 1941 and the widespread demolition during developments of the 1970s the terrace is part of a complete street of late Victorian terraced housing. The terrace retains much original character, including polychromatic brick string courses and camber headed window openings. Built close to Harland and Wolff ship yards, this terrace provides a link with Belfast’s industrial past and is of further significance as it was originally designed to new housing and planning regulations, intended to improve the standard of living for working class people in Belfast at the turn of the twentieth century. Number 20 has group value with the other listed buildings in McMaster Street and is of local interest.