11 McMaster Street

The Department's description

Exterior description and setting

A two-storey-with-attic single-bay late Victorian terrace built c.1896 by John McMaster to designs by J. Frazer and Son, located on the west side of McMaster Street, East Belfast.

Roof is pitched natural slate with clay ridge tiles, central rooflight window on east slope, modern red brick chimney stack at south side; painted ogee profile cast-iron rainwater goods supported on projecting polychrome brick eaves course on ovolo moulded corbel course. Walls are English garden-wall bonded red brick laid with alternating courses of headers and stretchers with three polychrome brick string courses (including a continuous brick and sill course at first floor) and decorative detailing above first floor windows; windows are 1/1 timber sliding sashes and door is replacement timber panelled, windows and door contained within camber headed reveals with polychrome brick chamfered reveals and voussoirs, projecting masonry sill. (All polychrome brickwork now painted except that above first floor windows).

Principal (east) elevation contains entrance door at right comprising replacement timber panelled door with square headed transom light accessed by tiled threshold; entrance flanked by window at left; two windows at first floor offset slightly to left.

North gable is abutted by No.9 McMaster Street (HB26/08/001G).

Access to house and yard not provided and remainder of rear elevation not visible from entry at west.

South gable is abutted by (two-storey) No.13 McMaster Street (HB26/08/001K).

Setting:

Located at the north end of the west terrace (two-storey-with-attic block) the house faces onto McMaster Street. The wide street formerly cobbled is now largely concrete with small cobbled area remaining at each end. The house opens directly onto a wide pavement with granite kerbs and original lamp posts and electric lighting (former gas lights). Original tiled street signage at north and south. Rear elevation is enclosed by high level stretcher bonded modern red brick walling with painted vertically sheeted timber entrance door at centre, assessed via narrow entry which runs north-south between back yards of Parker Street and McMaster Street. The street narrows towards Major Street at south.

Roof: Natural Slate
Walling: English garden-wall bonded red brick
Windows: 1/1 timber sliding sashes
RWG: Ogee profile cast-iron

Historical information

The current dwelling is one of a terrace of 37 parlour houses built in several phases between 1899 and 1908 to designs by John Fraser & Son. (DoE Conservation Plan; Street Directories)

McMaster Street is the only late Victorian terrace in Belfast to have survived in reasonable original condition and these workers’ houses are an important link with the city’s past as a significant world centre of shipbuilding. (DoE Conservation Area Plan) In the closing decades of the nineteenth century Harland and Wolff developed a shipyard on Queen’s Island which was employing 9000 men by the year 1900. Ballymacarrett was also a centre for other businesses that traded around the world, including ropeworks, linen manufacture, engineering and fertiliser. Ballymacarret, which in the mid-nineteenth century had been an area of fields, cottages and mansions around an industrial core, became gradually given over to rows of terraces, housing the workers who were, to a large degree the generators of Belfast’s new-found prosperity. (OS maps; DoE Conservation Area Plan)

McMaster Street was built in several phases, beginning with a row of 2½ storey houses, numbers 2 to 14 which were in place by 1899. The second phase of construction saw the building of numbers 1-11, also 2½ storey, which are noted in the street directory for 1900, together with ‘houses in course of erection’. By the time of the census in March 1901 numbers 1-35 were complete, (37 does not appear, but is listed in the 1901 street directory) and the remainder of the houses, numbers 16-52 were added by 1908. The designers were John Fraser & Son, active between the 1890s and 1910s and architects of a number of terraced streets in Belfast, such as Chadwick Street and Meadowbank Place which are similar to McMaster Street. (www.dia.ie)

The houses on the western side of the street first enter valuation records in 1900. They are of the ‘parlour’ type and were built to a very high specification with running water and flush toilets, emerging technologies for worker’s housing at the time. The houses benefitted from building controls that required houses to have a rear entrance and a back yard with a toilet. Gas was piped in for lighting but electricity was not commonplace until the 1930s and lamp-lighters and window-tappers were daily visitors. (Haines) The male inhabitants were often employed in shipbuilding, females in the linen or rope industry. Larger families lived at the north end of the street in the houses with an attic storey. (DoE Conservation Area Plan)

The present house was the residence of Mary Walker, who leased it from the developer John McMaster. In 1900 it was said to be four years old, but this appears to be an exaggeration, as the house was not likely to have been more than two years old at this time. Numbers 1 to 11, all houses and yards of two storeys plus an attic with a single storey return, are valued at £10.10s which was later lowered to £9.10s, possibly on appeal. These houses towards the north of the street contain an attic storey and are slightly larger than numbers 13-37 which were given a lower valuation. The present house contained 4 bedrooms and a sitting room and was fitted with gas. The rent was £1.8s.4d monthly or £17 a year minus taxes. The cost of construction was estimated at £105.

By the time of the 1901 census, the tenant was Garrett Kavanagh, a catholic rivetter, born in England who lived with his wife, five children and a boarder. The two older daughters were weavers and a third daughter was a braider, while the female boarder worked as a ‘drawer’ or hauler of heavy loads, in a factory. A succession of tenants followed, William Brown of the RIC (1905), James White, joiner (1906). Samuel Smyth, boilermaker (1908), James Bell, music teacher (1909) and William Hewitt labourer (1910). In the 1911 census William Hewitt is recorded as a fitter’s labourer of 71 and is living with his wife and their three children, one of whom was blind, together with their son-in-law, three grandchildren and a niece. The eldest son was also working as a fitter’s labourer, while the unmarried daughter was a collar and cuff stitcher. The son-in-law was a brassfounder and the niece, who had been born in Barrow-in-Furness, was a cotton winder. Subsequent tenants were James Cleland, riveter (1913) and Mrs S Noble (1915).

The Noble family was forced to move out of the house during the Belfast blitz. There were four air raids on Belfast during April and May 1941 during which over half the city’s housing stock was damaged. Although McMaster Street was not destroyed, the area was targeted by raids carried out on April 7/8th and May 4/5th and the 1942 street directory notes that most of the houses in the street had been vacated, including number 3, probably as a result of fire damage. By 1943, however, the majority of residents had returned to their homes, including the Noble family.

In 1948 the householder is listed as Ronald Noble and then Randal Noble, ironturner in 1951. They were followed in 1953 by Mrs Mary Robinson who had become a Justice of the Peace by 1965. (Street Directories; Report on Belfast air raids)

In recent years East Belfast has experienced substantial change and many of the industries that led to its initial growth have contracted or disappeared. Redevelopment in the 1970s led to the demolition of many of the other terraces in the area but in 1987 McMaster Street was listed and in 1994 the area was designated a conservation area by the DoE. Two of the houses have been restored by Hearth. (DoE Conservation Area Plan)

References

Primary Sources

1. PRONI OS/6/3/1 – First Edition Ordnance Survey map 1834
2. PRONI OS/6/3/2 – Second Edition Ordnance Survey map 1858
3. PRONI OS/6/3/3 – Third Edition Ordnance Survey map 1902
4. PRONI OS/6/3/4 – Fourth Edition Ordnance Survey map 1920-21
5. PRONI OS/6/3/5 – Fifth Edition Ordnance Survey map 1931
6. PRONI VAL/7/B/8/4 – Belfast Revaluation Field Books 1900
7. PRONI VAL/12/B/43/A/28 – Annual Revisions 1897-1905
8. PRONI VAL/12/B/43/L/4 – Annual Revisions 1906-1914
9. PRONI VAL/12/B/43/L/8 – Annual Revisions 1915-1930
10. PRONI VAL/3/B/3/11 – First General Revaluation of Northern Ireland 1935
11. PRONI VAL/4/B/7/28 – Second General Revaluation of Northern Ireland 1956-1972
12. Belfast Street Directories (1899-1980)
13. Census of Ireland (1901; 1911)
14. PRONI LA/43/18/H/1 – Personal Injuries of Civlians in Belfast Blitz (1941)
15. PRONI CAB/3/A/60 – Civil Defence – air raids on Belfast (1940-41)
16. PRONI CAB/3/A/68 – Report on air raids on Belfast and aftermath (1941)

Secondary Sources

1. ‘McMaster Street Conservation Area’ Belfast: Department of the Environment, 1994.
2. Haines, K., ‘East Belfast: Paintings and stories from harbour to hills’ Donaghadee: Cottage Publications, 2001.
3. First Survey Record – HB26/08/001 (1984)
4. Dictionary of Irish Architects - http://www.dia.ie

Criteria for listing: architectural interest

A. Style
B. Proportion
C. Ornamentation
J. Setting
K. Group value

Criteria for listing: historic interest

R. Age
X. Local Interest

Evaluation

A two-storey-with-attic single-bay late Victorian terrace built c.1896 by John McMaster to designs by J. Frazer and Son, located on the west side of McMaster Street, East Belfast. Having survived the German Blitz in 1941 and the widespread demolition during developments of the 1970s the terrace is part of a complete street of late Victorian terraced housing. The terrace retains much original character, including polychromatic brick string courses and camber headed window openings. Built close to Harland and Wolff ship yards, this terrace provides a link with Belfast’s industrial past and is of further significance as it was originally designed to new housing and planning regulations, intended to improve the standard of living for working class people in Belfast at the turn of the twentieth century. Number11 has group value with the other listed buildings in McMaster Street and is of local interest.