20 VICTORIA SQUARE

The Department's description

Exterior description and setting

Mid-terrace three-bay two-storey with attic Victorian rendered and painted house built in 1880 to designs by David Mahood, local builder and contractor. ‘T-shaped’ plan form facing southeast with three-storey return centred at the rear. No. 20 Victoria Square is one of five similar houses, which together form a terrace overlooking the formally designed Victorian Square (HB16.06.064A,B,C & E). Originally named Albert Terrace, these five houses line the northwest side of Victoria Square, which is arranged on three sides around a central green, primarily accessed from Shore Road to the southwest.

Pitched natural slate roof with roll-top terracotta ridge tiles and raised verge tiles. Red brick chimney to southwest shared with No.18 Victoria Square (HB16.06.064C) with corbelled coping; similar chimney to northeast shared with No. 22 Victoria Square (HB16.06.064E). Scrolled brackets on painted timber eaves board support painted timber soffit to roof overhang. uPVC ogee moulded gutter discharging to circular downpipe. Pair of dormers to southeast with hipped slate roof, lead flashing, terracotta ridges tiles and finial.

Generally smooth rendered walling to ground floor and roughcast rendered walling to first floor. Smooth raised rendered sill course to first floor. Square-headed window openings having roll moulded lip to reveal edge at timber box frame and three over three margin-paned timber sliding sash windows, unless otherwise stated.

Principal front elevation is symmetrical and faces southeast with central entrance flanked by single-storey canted bays having hipped lead roof and half-round uPVC gutters. Depressed-arched opening to entrance with projecting roll-moulded edge to rendered reveal; square-headed six-panelled timber door, flanked by side-lights with scrolled pilasters. Fanlight over with glazed circular inset. Square-headed timber casement windows to dormers. Concrete pathway flanked by formal lawn with pair of concrete steps leading to entrance.

Southwest elevation is attached to No. 18 Victoria Square (HB16.06.064C). Side elevation of return is two-bay three-storey with flat roof. Square-headed openings throughout with three over three margin-paned timber sliding sash windows. Timber casement window to first and second floor of rear return.

Rear elevation faces northwest and is three-bay two-storey with projecting central rear return having flat roof with moulded string course at second floor level (possibly eaves level to former cat-slide roof); flat-roofed dormers to each side of rear return. Return has single-bay single-storey lean-to abutment to northwest with slate roof. Square-headed openings throughout with half-glazed timber door flanked having side-lights and overlight to right side of return at ground floor. Four-over-four timber sliding sash window to ground floor at left side of return. Timber casement windows to rear return and dormers.

Northeast elevation is attached to No.22 Victoria Square (HB16.06.64E). Side elevation of rear return is three-storey with single-storey monopitch-roof extension adjoining to NW. Multi-paned glazed door with two sliding sash windows adjacent at ground floor level. Cast-iron and uPVC rainwater goods.

SETTING
No. 20 is part of a terrace of five houses forming the northwest boundary of a formal square composed of two similar terraces arranged around a central green with semi-detached and detached villas forming boundary to the southeast. The house is set back from the road behind a low smooth rendered boundary wall with rounded coping, square-plan piers with domed coping and decorative timber. Rear garden is enclosed with rendered boundary walling; sheeted timber door opens to shared alley to rear. Three-bay single-storey rendered outbuilding within rear garden having mono-pitch slate roof abuts house at 90 degrees and is attached to boundary wall of No. 22 Victoria Square (HB16.06.64E). Outbuilding appears to be contemporary with the house and has timber sheeted doors and four-over-four timber sliding sash windows. Formal lawn and gravel paths to rear garden with mature hedge.

MATERIALS
Roof: Natural slate
RWGs: Cast-iron (some uPVC to rear)
Walling: Smooth and roughcast render
Windows: Timber sliding sash / timber casement (to rear only)

Historical information

Due to its picturesque setting on the northern shore of Carlingford Lough with the Mountains of Mourne rising up behind it, Rostrevor became a popular resort in the nineteenth century. The development of what is now known as Victoria Square on the southern outskirts of the town began in the latter part of the nineteenth century. The Ordnance Survey 6-inch maps of 1834 and 1859 show that this area, located close to the shoreline, was unoccupied. Furthermore, the present stretch of the Shore Road south of Victoria Square was not in existence at this time.

The listed buildings in Victoria Square comprise a terrace of five houses (nos 14-22), a terrace of three houses (nos 34-38) and a pair of semi-detached houses (nos 42-44). Originally nos 14-22 were known as Albert Terrace, nos. 34-38 as Victoria Terrace, and nos. 42-44 as Glenmore Terrace. They are named as such on the Ordnance Survey 6-inch map revised in 1901-02 and published in 1904, and again on the map revised in 1919 and published in 1930. It is not until the Ordnance Survey 6-inch map revised in 1950-52 and published in 1954 that the address for these properties is given as Victoria Square. Similarly it is not until 1955 that the Revaluation Records amend the address to Victoria Square.

However, it is clear that Victoria Square had been used as the address for this development for some time before this. It appears as an address in street directories and probate records from the 1920s, while in an article in The Entomologist’s Monthly Magazine in 1927 the author refers to ‘the grassy square called Victoria Square’ at Rostrevor where he carried out research in 1926.

The initiative to develop these dwellings seems largely to have come from members of the Mahood family. The son of Alexander Mahood, David Mahood was born in County Down around 1830. In 1859 he married Sarah Jane Mahood of Donaghmore, County Down, in Donaghmore Church of Ireland. At this time he was listed as a carpenter resident in Newcastle, County Down, while his father’s occupation was given as farm steward. His bride was the daughter of John Mahood, a farmer. In 1871, when a widower, David Mahood, then a builder of Newry, married Eliza Jane McMurray of Warrenpoint in Warrenpoint Presbyterian Church. On this record David’s father was listed as a forester, while the bride’s father Robert McMurray was a farmer. In 1881 he was based in Upper Edward Street in Newry, though by 1898 his address was Monaghan Street. In that year Mahood was a subscriber to George Lister Sutcliffe (ed.), The Principles and Practice of Modern House-Construction (London, 1898).

In both the 1901 and 1911 David Mahood is recorded as a resident of Warrenpoint – in the former his age is given as 70 and in the latter as 79. He died on 14 October 1911. Referencing an obituary in Building News, the Dictionary of Irish Architects notes that he was ‘responsible for the erection of Newry town hall and the bridge on which it stands, the Great Northern railway stations at Warrenpoint, Navan and Newry, railway works at Dundalk, the Warrenpoint and Rostrevor tramways, and Warrenpoint waterworks.’ David Mahood seems to have been responsible for Albert Terrace on his own initiative, but worked in conjunction with James McMurray in the development of Victoria Terrace. McMurray may well have been related to Mahood through the latter’s second marriage – they may even have been brothers-in-law though this has not been confirmed. McMurray might well be the James McMurray, a 68-year-old retired master painter, resident in Warrenpoint according to the 1901 census, who died on 8 February 1904. The construction of Glenmore Terrace was the work of John Mahood. Born around 1820, he was possibly David Mahood’s older brother. He was a painter and decorator in Rostrevor who died on 24 February 1890.

The first of the three blocks to be built was Glenmore Terrace which makes an appearance in the Valuation Revision Books in 1882. The earliest mention of the name of the terrace appears in John Mahood’s will of 8 April 1886 in which he refers to his two houses in Glenmore Terrace. Victoria Terrace came next, appearing in the Valuation Revision Books in 1887, while finally Albert Terrace was constructed between 1898 and 1903, both no doubt named after the Queen and her late consort. (Albert Terrace also appears in street directories as Cloughmore Terrace.) While Victoria Terrace had a relatively stable occupancy, Albert Terrace had a very high turnover of occupants in its early years, suggesting its houses may have been used primarily as a holiday homes.

20 Victoria Square is a dwelling in a terrace that was originally known as Albert Terrace. In Valuation and Revaluation records it was identified as property no. 7 Albert Terrace. It appears as a new entry in the Valuation Revision Books in 1900 when it was listed as a house and yard with a rateable valuation of £30. Over the next thirty years there was a succession of occupiers. The First General Revaluation of 1935 lists the name of this property as Cairnlodge (or Cairnlodge) and that it was in the occupation of Adela(i)de Mary Barker. The valuation placed on the property – comprising a house and yard – at this time was £35.

The property subsequently came into the possession of the Moore family. Probate records state that the Rev. Thomas Moore of Rossowen and of Cairn Lodge, both in Rostrevor, Methodist Minister died on 5 July 1945 at Cairn Lodge. The Revisions List of the First General Revaluation shows the property as having passed to Dorothy Moore by 1947. A second floor flat in the property was created by 1953. Dorothy Moore died in 1961. By 1965 the property had been acquired by James S. McCullough. HB Records indicate that repairs to the roof, windows and floors were carried out in 1995.

References

Primary sources
1. PRONI, Ordnance Survey 6-inch map, 1834, OS/6/3/54/1
2. PRONI, Ordnance Survey 6-inch map, revised 1859, OS/6/3/54/2
3. PRONI, Ordnance Survey 6-inch map, revised 1901-2, published 1904, OS/6/3/54/3
4. PRONI, Ordnance Survey 6-inch map, revised 1919, published 1930, OS/6/3/54/4
4. PRONI, Ordnance Survey 6-inch map, revised 1950 and 1952, published 1954, OS/6/3/54/6
6. PRONI, Valuation 6-inch map, c. 1884-c. 1901, VAL/12/D/3/54D
7. PRONI, Valuation 6-inch map, c. 1895-c. 1914, VAL/12/D/3/54E
8. PRONI, Valuation 6-inch map, c. 1905-c. 1928, VAL/12/D/3/54G
9. PRONI, Valuation 1:1056 map, 1932-1956, VAL/3/G/92/1/2
10. PRONI, Valuation Revision Books, Electoral Division of Rostrevor, 1865-1930 (VAL/12/B/19/21A-F)
11. PRONI, First General Revaluation, Rural District of Kilkeel Vol. 2, 1935, VAL/3/B/4/12
12. PRONI, Annual Revisions List of the First General Revaluation, Rural District of Kilkeel, Vol. 2, 1936-1957, VAL/3/C/4/23
13. PRONI, Annual Revisions List of the Second General Revaluation, Rural District of South Down, 1956-1972, VAL/4/B/3/81
14. Belfast and Province of Ulster Directory (1852 onwards)
15. Belfast Newsletter, 29 January 1892
16. NIEA, HB Records

Secondary sources
1. W. H. Crowe, Village in Seven Hills: The Story and Stories of Rostrevor, Co. Down (1972)
2. The Entomologist’s Monthly Magazine, vol. 63 (1927)

Online sources

1. National Archives of Ireland, 1901 and 1911 census returns (www.census.nationalarchives.ie)
2. PRONI, Will Calendars (www.proni.gov.uk)
3. Dictionary of Irish Architects (www.dia.ie)

Criteria for listing: architectural interest

A. Style
B. Proportion
C. Ornamentation
D. Plan Form
I. Quality and survival of Interior
J. Setting
K. Group value

Criteria for listing: historic interest

S. Authenticity
T. Historic Importance
X. Local Interest
V. Authorship
R. Age

Evaluation

A well proportioned and detailed mid-terrace Victorian house dating from 1880 and built to designs by David Mahood, local builder and contractor. It has group value with four similar houses (HB16.06.064A,B,C & E) once known as Albert Terrace that line the northwest side of Victoria Square, south of Rostrevor town centre. Despite alterations to the rear return, which detract to a certain extent, the building retains much of its style, which is largely characterised by a symmetrical formal composition, including canted bays, hipped dormers and scrolled brackets to overhanging eaves. A good amount of historic detailing consistent for its time survives, of which a three-centred arched doorcase and margin paned windows are particularly elegant. This is matched by a fine interior, where the original layout and a substantial proportion of original features remain. Outbuildings to the rear, together with the front boundary wall and decorative timber gate enhance its character significantly, as does the formal setting around the central green.

General comments

..Previously recorded as HB16/06/064