12 Cliff Terrace

The Department's description

Exterior description and setting

End-of-terrace single-bay one-and-a-half-storey stone former labourer’s cottage, built c.1875, as one of twelve by Sir William Harvey Bruce to the designs of Frederick Henry Godwin. Rectangular on plan facing north with gable-fronted two-storey rendered extension to rear, added c.2010.

Steeply pitched natural slate roof, half-hipped to gable with roll-moulded black clay ridge tiles and a tall rendered chimneystack rising from the west gable. Pair of dormer windows to the front pitch (that to the east shared with adjoining house HB03/12/007K) with hipped slate roofs, timber pinnacles and replacement timber casement windows. Moulded cast-iron guttering supported on timber fascia. Deep overhanging eaves with timber sheeting and exposed timber beams supported on a stop-chamfered timber bracket on sandstone corbel. Random coursed rock-faced basalt walling with tooled sandstone ashlar dressings and cement pointing. East gable extends to eaves with sandstone ashlar dressings. Square-headed window opening formed in stop-chamfered dressed sandstone surround and sandstone sill with replacement four-light timber casement window.

Front elevation has a single window opening and a segmental-headed recessed entrance porch with stop-chamfered dressed sandstone surround and keystone. Entrance porch shared with No.11 having a square-headed door opening set at a right angle to the facade with replacement sheeted timber door. The porch has a clay tiled floor and a large worn sandstone step opening onto a slightly raised area laid in cobbles and running the entire length of the terrace.

East elevation abutted by adjoining house No.11 (HB03/12/007K).

Rear elevation is abutted by a gable-fronted two-storey rendered extension to rear, added c.2010.

Cement render over rubblestone walling to west elevation extending to the rear as a single-bay two-storey side elevation to the rear extension having a wall-head dormer window to the west pitch.

Setting:

Built as part of a terrace of twelve similar houses on an elevated site overlooking the sea to the west of Castlerock. Street-fronted with paved rear yard enclosed by rendered wall and timber gates on rubblestone piers.

Roof: Natural slate
RWG : Cast-iron
Walling : Random coursed rock-faced basalt
Windows : Replacement timber casement

Historical information

The terrace of twelve houses known locally as the ‘Twelve Apostles’ is first shown on the third edition OS map of 1906. The houses date from c1875 and were built to designs by Frederick Henry Godwin for Sir Henry Hervey Bruce, third baronet Downhill. Girvan comments that the terrace is ‘an English design in an Irish setting’.(Girvan)

The terrace is entered into the valuation fieldbook between 1873 and 1878 at which stage all the houses are inhabited and valued at £2.5s. The terrace is described as ‘recently erected’ in the Irish Builder of February 1882, but appears to have been constructed some years earlier. The architect, Frederick Henry Godwin (a nephew of the better-known Edward William Godwin), is little known with only three local structures attributed to him, the last of which was the current terrace. However, he moved to England c1890 and is thought to have designed additions to Westburton House, Gloucestershire. (www.dia.ie)

The stone used was local basalt with freestone (i.e. fine-grained stone that could be easily worked with a chisel) dressings to doors and windows. The plan of the houses given in the Irish Builder shows that each consisted of a single room on the ground floor and a washhouse/scullery to the rear while a staircase led to the upper floor where the space was partitioned to form two bedrooms. (Irish Builder) These tiny cottages, often accommodating very large families, were built for estate workers, although by no means all the inhabitants were employed by the Hervey Bruce family.

The valuation of the all the houses in the terrace was dropped to £1.10s in 1887 and the rent for this year is recorded as 10d per week. At the time of the 1901 census the three-room houses were all designated second class. The tenants all leased their houses from the Hervey Bruce estate.

The terrace of twelve houses known locally as the ‘Twelve Apostles’ is first shown on the third edition OS map of 1906. The houses date from c1875 and were built to designs by Frederick Henry Godwin for Sir Henry Hervey Bruce, third baronet Downhill. Girvan comments that the terrace is ‘an English design in an Irish setting’.(Girvan)

The terrace is entered into the valuation fieldbook between 1873 and 1878 at which stage all the houses are inhabited and valued at £2.5s. The terrace is described as ‘recently erected’ in the Irish Builder of February 1882, but appears to have been constructed some years earlier. The architect, Frederick Henry Godwin (a nephew of the better-known Edward William Godwin), is little known with only three local structures attributed to him, the last of which was the current terrace. However, he moved to England c1890 and is thought to have designed additions to Westburton House, Gloucestershire. (www.dia.ie)

The stone used was local basalt with freestone (i.e. fine-grained stone that could be easily worked with a chisel) dressings to doors and windows. The plan of the houses given in the Irish Builder shows that each consisted of a single room on the ground floor and a washhouse/scullery to the rear while a staircase led to the upper floor where the space was partitioned to form two bedrooms. (Irish Builder) These tiny cottages, often accommodating very large families, were built for estate workers, although by no means all the inhabitants were employed by the Hervey Bruce family.

The valuation of the all the houses in the terrace was dropped to £1.10s in 1887 and the rent for this year is recorded as 10d per week. At the time of the 1901 census the three-room houses were all designated second class. The tenants all leased their houses from the Hervey Bruce estate.

The first tenant to be listed in number twelve was Thomas McLoughlin. Several changes of occupier followed and at the time of the 1901 census the occupier was William McKey who was a farm labourer who lived with his wife and seven children aged between 1 and 15. The eldest girl was working as a seamstress. By 1911 McKey was working as a garden labourer (presumably at Downhill) and an eighth child had been added to the brood. All the older children were now in work or seeking it, as seamstresses, an unemployed servant and a postman.

At the time of the first general revaluation of the early 1930s the buildings remained much as originally constructed with a kitchen on the ground floor and two small bedrooms upstairs. A separate, single-storey washhouse stood in the rear yard and the water supply had to be carried from a pump. The rents varied from 6s to 8s8d a month.

Since the 1960s/70s the majority of the houses have been extended to the rear and refurbished internally. (HB file)

References:

Primary Sources

1. PRONI OS/6/5/2/1 First Edition OS Map 1831
2. PRONI OS/6/5/2/2 Second Edition OS map 1848
3. PRONI OS/6/5/2/3 Third Edition OS Map 1904
4. PRONI OS/6/5/2/4 Fourth Edition OS Map 1923
5. PRONI VAL/12/B/30/10A-F Annual Revisions (1864-1929)
6. PRONI VAL/3/C/6/2 First General Revaluation 1933-57
7. PRONI VAL/3/D/6/3/H/5 First General Revaluation 1933-57
8. HB file – 03/12/007A-L
9. Irish Builder Vol 24, 15th February 1882, p54(illus.)

Secondary Sources

1. Eccles, J “Downhill, A Scrapbook of People and Place” London: Bath Press, 1996
2. Girvan, W D “Historic Buildings, Groups of Buildings, Areas of Architectural Importance in North Derry including Limavady, Ballykelly, Castlerock, Downhill and Magilligan” Ulster Architectural Heritage Society, 1975
3. www.dia.ie

Criteria for listing: architectural interest

A. Style
B. Proportion
C. Ornamentation
H-. Alterations detracting from building
J. Setting
K. Group value

Criteria for listing: historic interest

V. Authorship
X. Local Interest

Evaluation

End-of-terrace single-bay one-and-a-half-storey stone former labourer’s cottage, built c.1885, as one of twelve by Sir William Harvey Bruce to the designs of Frederick Henry Godwin (HB03/12/007A-L). Although this house has lost its original fenestration it retains its overall external appearance as part of a relatively consistent terrace and has been sensitively extended to the rear. With its distinctive steeply pitched roof, deep overhanging eaves and tall chimney stacks and its original basalt stone walling with freestone dressings, the terrace greatly contributes to the late nineteenth-century character of Castlerock.

General comments

Criteria R- Age, S - Authenticity,T - Historic Importance and U - Historic Associations also apply.