1 Cliff Terrace

The Department's description

Exterior description and setting

End-of-terrace single-bay single-and-a-half-storey stone former labourer’s cottage, built c.1875, as one of twelve by Sir William Harvey Bruce to the designs of Frederick Henry Godwin. Rectangular on plan facing north with large extension to the east and rear, built c.2002.

Steeply pitched natural slate roof with roll-moulded black clay ridge tiles, half-hipped to the east behind tall rendered chimneystack with clay pots rising from the east gable. Pair of dormer windows to the front pitch (that to the west shared with adjoining house HB03/12/007B) with hipped slate roofs, timber pinnacles and replacement hardwood casement windows. Ogee-moulded cast-iron guttering supported on timber fascia and cast-iron downpipe returning to the east gable. Deep overhanging eaves with exposed timber beams supported by a single stop-chamfered timber bracket on sandstone corbel. Random coursed rock-faced basalt walling with tooled sandstone ashlar dressings and cement pointing. East gable extends to eaves with sandstone ashlar dressings. Square-headed window openings formed in stop-chamfered dressed sandstone surrounds and sandstone sills with replacement hardwood windows.

Front elevation has a single window opening and a segmental-headed recessed entrance porch with stop-chamfered dressed sandstone surround and keystone. Now blocked up, the porch has clay tiled floor and a large worn sandstone step opening onto a slightly raised area laid in cobbles and running the entire length of the terrace.

East gable detailed as per front elevation with a single landscape window opening to the ground floor and a pair of diminutive window openings at attic level having replica sandstone surrounds.

Rear elevation abutted by recent extension which extends eastwards as a two-bay wing, set back from the east gable and duplicating the material detailing of the terrace.

West gable abutted by adjoining house No.2 (HB03/12/007B).

Setting:

Built as part of a terrace of twelve similar houses on an elevated site overlooking the sea to the west of Castlerock. Street-fronted with a garden to the east and paved yard to the rear.

Roof : Natural slate
RWG : Cast-iron
Walling : Random coursed rock-faced basalt
Windows : Replacement hardwood casement

Historical information

The terrace of twelve houses known locally as the ‘Twelve Apostles’ is first shown on the third edition OS map of 1906. The houses date from c1875 and were built to designs by Frederick Henry Godwin for Sir Henry Hervey Bruce, third baronet Downhill. Girvan comments that the terrace is ‘an English design in an Irish setting’.(Girvan)

The terrace is entered into the valuation fieldbook between 1873 and 1878 at which stage all the houses are inhabited and valued at £2.5s. The terrace is described as ‘recently erected’ in the Irish Builder of February 1882, but appear to have been constructed some years previously. The architect, Frederick Henry Godwin (a nephew of the better-known Edward William Godwin), is little known with only three local structures attributed to him, the last of which was the current terrace. However, he moved to England c1890 and is thought to have designed additions to Westburton House, Gloucestershire. (www.dia.ie)

The stone used was local basalt with freestone (i.e. fine-grained stone that could be easily worked with a chisel) dressings to doors and windows. The plan of the houses given in the Irish Builder shows that each consisted of a single room on the ground floor and a washhouse/scullery to the rear while a staircase led to the upper floor where the space was partitioned to form two bedrooms. (Irish Builder) These tiny cottages, often accommodating very large families, were built for estate workers, although by no means all the inhabitants were employed by the Hervey Bruce family.

The valuation of the all the houses in the terrace was dropped to £1.10s in 1887 and the rent for this year is recorded as 10d per week. At the time of the 1901 census the three-room houses were all designated second class. The tenants all leased their houses from the Hervey Bruce estate.

The first tenant to be listed in number one was William Stewart. Several changes of occupier followed and at the time of the 1901 census the occupier was James Swann, a railway porter who lived with his wife and four small children. In 1911 the occupier was Robert Tosh, a farm labourer who lived with his wife and three children.

At the time of the first general revaluation of the early 1930s the buildings remained much as originally constructed with a kitchen on the ground floor and two small bedrooms upstairs. A separate, single-storey washhouse stood in the rear yard and the water supply had to be carried from a pump. The rents varied from 6s to 8s8d a month.

Since the 1960s/70s the majority of the houses have been extended to the rear and refurbished internally. A particularly large extension has been built to the side of number one. (HB file)

References:

Primary Sources

1. PRONI OS/6/5/2/1 First Edition OS Map 1831
2. PRONI OS/6/5/2/2 Second Edition OS map 1848
3. PRONI OS/6/5/2/3 Third Edition OS Map 1904
4. PRONI OS/6/5/2/4 Fourth Edition OS Map 1923
5. PRONI VAL/12/B/30/10A-F Annual Revisions (1864-1929)
6. PRONI VAL/3/C/6/2 First General Revaluation 1933-57
7. PRONI VAL/3/D/6/3/H/5 First General Revaluation 1933-57
8. HB file – 03/12/007A-L
9. Irish Builder Vol 24, 15th February 1882, p54(illus.)

Secondary Sources

1. Eccles, J “Downhill, A Scrapbook of People and Place” London: Bath Press, 1996
2. Girvan, W D “Historic Buildings, Groups of Buildings, Areas of Architectural Importance in North Derry including Limavady, Ballykelly, Castlerock, Downhill and Magilligan” Ulster Architectural Heritage Society, 1975
4. www.dia.ie

Criteria for listing: architectural interest

A. Style
B. Proportion
C. Ornamentation
D. Plan Form
H-. Alterations detracting from building
J. Setting
K. Group value

Criteria for listing: historic interest

V. Authorship
X. Local Interest

Evaluation

End-of-terrace single-bay one-and-a-half-storey stone former labourer’s cottage, built c.1875, as one of twelve by Sir William Harvey Bruce to the designs of Frederick Henry Godwin (HB03/12/007A-L). Rectangular on plan facing north with large extension to the east and rear, built c.2002. Although the replacement fenestration and the prominence of the extension detract from the terrace the building retains its distinctive steeply pitched roof, deep overhanging eaves and tall chimney stacks and its original basalt stone walling with freestone dressings. The terrace greatly contributes to the late nineteenth-century character of Castlerock.

General comments

Criteria R- Age, S - Authenticity,T - Historic Importance and U - Historic Associations also apply.