10 CRAWFORD SQUARE

The Department's description

Exterior description and setting

Three storey two bay rendered Italianate style terraced house built in 1871 to designs by Robert Collins. Rectangular plan form facing north east with a three storey rendered return to rear with attached single storey kitchen and two storey outbuilding accessed from rear. Part of a terrace of sixteen buildings on a sloping site to the south west side of the tree lined Crawford Square, it is paired with, and symmetrical to, the adjacent No. 9 Crawford Square (HB01/22/003I).

Pitched natural slate roof continuous with No. 9 Crawford Square and large rendered chimney with buff clay pots shared with No.11 (HB01/22/003K). Timber fascia boards and moulded soffit with paired block modillions; half round cast iron guttering discharging to circular cast iron downpipe on No. 9.

The front elevation has a two storey three sided canted bay with parapet to right of the entrance door, recessed panels between the first and second storey and moulded cills and strings. Window openings have segmental arched heads and 1/1 double hung timber sliding sash windows with moulded horns. The first floor window over the main entrance door has a moulded architrave with stop blocks and moulded cill shared with No. 9 Crawford Square. The recessed arched doorcase has a moulded soffit, tiled step and contains an original four panelled door with glazed upper panels and plain semi-circular fanlight over. The doorcase has a hood mould with keystone and decorative console brackets.

The rear elevation is rendered with square headed window openings having 6/6 double hung timber sliding sashes at first and second floors and 1/1 sash to ground floor opening. The three storey return has a hipped natural slate roof with blue-black hip and ridge tiles and rendered chimney with moulded corbel, shared with the return of No. 9 Crawford Square.

The return is also rendered with square-headed window openings, 6/6 timber sashes to the upper floors and a timber sheeted door with glazed upper panel leading to the rear yard.

An attached single storey rendered outshot does not extend the full width of the return and has a gabled monopitch natural slate roof, replacement timber windows and replacement gutters on rise and fall brackets.

From the rear yard of the building 5 stone steps lead to a stone built outbuilding, now rendered, with painted timber windows and door and a pitched roof with corrugated fibre cement roof covering. This building forms part of the stepped row of outbuildings associated with the houses on Crawford Square which front onto Academy Road. The Academy Road elevation is rough cast rendered and has a single painted door for access with the remaining openings blocked up.

Setting:
Facing north east over tree lined Crawford Square green, to the front, the main house is set back from the footpath and slightly elevated. It is approached by a path and a short flight of stone steps shared with the adjacent property and has a modest front garden enclosed by a dwarf wall and painted metal railings.

Roof Natural Slate
RWGs Cast Iron
Walling Painted Render
Windows Timber Sash

Historical information

Crawford Square, a mid-Victorian square located off the Northland Road on a hill overlooking the River Foyle, was originally laid out in 1861. The Dublin Builder records that the square was named after Samuel Law Crawford, a local solicitor who owned the land. Crawford Square was laid out by Fitzgibbon Louch (1826-1911), a civil engineer and architect, during his early career. Louch established an independent practise in Londonderry in 1859, was active in the city until the late-1860s and was responsible for the entrance to the City Cemetery and the design of the Magazine Gate entrance to the city walls (Dublin Builder, p. 505; DIA).

Following the establishment of the Georgian-style terraces along Great James Street, Queen Street and Clarendon Street in the 1830s-1860s, the city continued its northern expansion with the construction of a number of additional terraces designed for Londonderry’s professional classes. According to Mullin, the Northland Road was still a country road leading from the city to Donegal when the first tenders for the erection of new dwellings on Crawford Square were invited in the 1860s (Mullin, p. 119).

Calley states that Crawford Square, ‘along with Templemore and Victoria Parks, can be seen as the city’s delayed response to Dublin’s garden squares [which] created, near to the city centre, a green oasis for its wealthy residents. It has an enclosed central garden bounded on three sides by the square.’ Nos 1-2 Crawford Square were the first houses to be constructed (see HB01/22/003A-B). The pair were erected in 1865 for Samuel Knox, a building contractor, whilst the majority of the adjoining terrace were built for John McAdoo, a local seed merchant and landowner (UTD; Calley, p. 128; 420).

No. 10 Crawford Square, a three-storey two-bay Italianate dwelling, was constructed along with the adjoining nos 3-9 (HB01/22/003C-I) in 1871. The Irish Builder records that these eight dwellings were designed by Robert Collins, Londonderry’s Consulting Engineer from 1866 to 1874, and constructed by the building firm of G. & R. Ferguson (Irish Builder, p. 85; p. 238; DIA). Upon its completion the total rateable value of No. 10 Crawford Square was set at £36 by the Annual Revisions. Throughout its history the majority of the occupants of the square were of the city’s professional and merchant classes. By 1911 ownership of No. 10 Crawford Square had passed from McAdoo to Dr John Gillis, a local dentist who occupied the house as his personal dwelling. The 1911 Census Building Return described No. 10 Crawford Square as a 1st class dwelling that consisted of 12 rooms and possessed a stable and coach house as its sole outbuildings. The value of the house was decreased to £34 by the end of the Second General Revaluation of Property in Northern Ireland (1956-72). Dr Gillis retained ownership of the building until at least the 1970s.

In 1970 the UAHS guide for Londonderry described nos 1-19 Crawford Square as ‘a fine terrace of three-storey rendered buildings on a sloping surface overlooking a tree-lined grassy square. The houses are well modelled, with two-storey height bay windows’ (UAHS guide, p. 50). In 1978 Crawford Square was included in the Clarendon Street Conservation Area ‘being an area of special architectural or historic interest, the character of which it is desirable to preserve or enhance’ (Londonderry Clarendon Street Conservation Area Booklet). Nos 1-23 Crawford Square were subsequently listed in 1979.

References

Primary Sources
1. PRONI OS/6/5/20/2 – Second Edition Ordnance Survey Map (1853)
2. PRONI VAL/12/E/157/1/7 – Annual Revisions Town Plan c. 1873
3. PRONI VAL/12/B/32/11A-ZD – Annual Revisions (1860-1897)
4. PRONI VAL/12/B/33/2A-2F – Annual Revisions (1898-1931)
5. PRONI VAL/3/C/6/10 – First General Revaluation of Property in Northern Ireland (1926-57)
6. PRONI VAL/4/B/5/13 – Second General Revaluation of Property in Northern Ireland (1956-72)
7. Dublin Builder (1 May 1861)
8. Irish Builder (1 Apr; 15 Sept 1871)
9. Census of Ireland (1901; 1911)
10. Ulster Town Directories (1843-1918)
11. First Survey Record – HB01/22/003 (1970)
12. First Survey Image – HB01/22/003 (No Date)
13. NIEA HB Records – HB01/22/003J (Missing)

Secondary Sources
1. Calley, D., ‘City of Derry: An historical gazetteer to the buildings of Londonderry’ Belfast: Ulster Architectural Heritage Society, 2013.
2. Ferguson, W. S; Rowan, A. J; Tracey, J. J., ‘List of historic buildings, groups of buildings, areas of architectural importance in and near the city of Derry’ Belfast: Ulster Architectural Heritage Society, 1970.
3. Mullin, T. H., Ulster’s Historic City: Derry – Londonderry’ Coleraine: Coleraine Bookshop, 1986.
4. ‘Londonderry Clarendon Street Conservation Area Booklet’ Department of the Environment, 1978.
5. ‘Design Guide for Clarendon Street Conservation Area’ Department of the Environment, 2012.

Online Resources
1. Dictionary of Irish Architects - http://www.dia.ie/

Criteria for listing: architectural interest

A. Style
B. Proportion
C. Ornamentation
D. Plan Form
I. Quality and survival of Interior
J. Setting
K. Group value

Criteria for listing: historic interest

V. Authorship
X. Local Interest
R. Age
S. Authenticity
T. Historic Importance

Evaluation

Three storey two bay rendered terraced house built in 1871 to designs by architect Robert Collins. The exterior has retained its character, style and proportions, the internal layout is substantially unchanged and detailing is largely intact. The house forms part of an impressive terrace of sixteen buildings on a sloping site overlooking Crawford Square, a grassed and tree-lined park. It has group value with the other listed buildings in the terrace.

General comments

Additional listing criteria apply - R-Age, S-Authenticity, T-Historic Importance