61 Claredon Street

The Department's description

Exterior description and setting

Victorian mid-terraced three-bay three-storey over basement, painted render and brick townhouse. Built c.1872. Rectangular on plan with principal elevation facing north, bound by low level painted rendered wall with painted decorative wrought-iron railings above. Built as part of a row of four terraced houses, in two sets of two, No. 61 is together with No.59 (HB01/21/005Z); located within a terrace row of ten similarly scaled townhouses, lining the south side of Clarendon Street.

Principal (N) elevation is painted render to ground floor, Flemish brick bond above to upper floors; round-arch opening to doorway and 1/1 sliding sash timber windows at ground floor level (the latter also have bull-nosed cills and a moulded apron panel below). Shoulder-course between each window; hood mould and flying keystone; painted timber four-panelled (diamond) door with plain fanlight above. All windows are 1/1 timber sliding sash. Round headed to ground floor, square-headed windows to first floor and segmental-arched windows to second floor level. Sill-course to first floor windows. Round-arched window to small duo-pitched dormer. Galvanised steel steps to basement level from front elevation; the basement has three square-headed openings; two 1/1 sliding sash windows to left and a door to the right side, below the entrance step.

East and West sides are abutted by adjoining buildings No.59 & 63 Clarendon Street (HB01/21/005Z & HB01/21/005BB).

The South elevation is three-storeys with a series of smooth rendered rear returns, that step down in height towards the rear, where an outhouse, set at right angles, spans the full width of the yard. From the east face of the middle return, there is a door discharging to an external fire escape stair. Large duo-pitched dormer, clad in horizontal timber boarding to the rear (S) facing roof slope, with coupled modern casement window to slated roof to main building.

Pitched slate roof, black clay ridge tiles and large red-brick chimney stack has been rebuilt, rising from the East side, both centred on ridge with nine terracotta pots. Polychromatic brick detailing to eaves, cast-iron guttering supported on corbel brackets and cast-iron downpipe to front elevation.

Materials:
Roof : Natural Slate
RWG: Cast Iron (N)
Walling : Render, painted & Flemish Brick Bond (N); smooth render, unpainted (S)
Windows: Timber Sliding Sash (N)

Setting:
Built as part of a row of four mid-Victorian townhouses which line the south side of Clarendon Street, No. 55-61 (HB01.22.005 XX, Z and AA). Located within the Clarendon Street Conservation Area just above the junction of Clarendon Street / Princes Street. The front of the property is set behind a low rendered wall enclosing the basement level; wall topped by a sandstone coping wih ornate cast iron railings, painted black. A one-and-a-half storey duo-pitched smooth rendered (unpainted) outhouse spans the width of the yard at the rear boundary, with slate roof, black clay ridge tile, clipped eaves and uPVC guttering.

Historical information

Clarendon Street, characterised by its long terraces of Georgian-style townhouses, was laid out in the early-Victorian period with the construction of the first dwellings commencing in c. 1853. The laying out of similar terraced dwellings on Great James Street and Queen Street was necessitated by a period of growth in the economy and population of Londonderry that occurred in the mid-19th century. John Hume notes that during the period 1825-1850 ‘reconstruction of the city’s buildings [within the walls] took place alongside the development, for the first time, of housing outside the walls at Bogside and Edenballymore’ (Hume, p. 147).

The first edition of the Ordnance Survey maps (1830) for the townland of Edenballymore records that the Clarendon Street area was originally rural hinterland with few significant structures. In 1830 the development of the city’s streets had extended no further than Waterloo Place, Abbey Street and William Street. In the first decades of the 19th century the only major construction north of the walls had been isolated buildings such as the Londonderry Infirmary, the Lunatic Asylum and Foyle College (HB01/22/016) with little or no domestic architecture being erected in the same period. The only building in the area that predates the early-Victorian development is Foyle Cottage (HB01/21/006), a Regency house constructed c. 1815 and which, according to Calley, is ‘a pleasing composition which offers a gentle rebuke to some of the exuberance of later nearby buildings … one of it’s pleasant features is that it opens a gap in the long terraces’ (Calley, p. 116).

In The Annals of Derry, a survey of the city compiled by Robert Simpson and published in 1847, Simpson recorded that ‘all the district now covered by Great James’s Street, William Street, Little James Street … and the numerous lanes in that vicinity [originally comprised] meadow ground without a house’ (Simpson, p. 213). The initial development of housing in this area began in the late-Georgian period and continued into the Victorian era. With the construction of uniform rows of neat and charming three-storey townhouses, a new affluent area was established that swiftly became the preferred residence of the city’s merchant and professional classes. The laying out of Clarendon Street, Great James Street and Queen Street followed a geometric street pattern which was characteristic of Georgian street development; the development signified the most ambitious project of town planning carried out in Londonderry since the construction of the walled city in the years 1613-19.

The contemporary 1847 plan of Londonderry, which depicted the proposed layout of Clarendon Street at least a decade before it was actually completed, recorded that the street was originally known as Ponsonby Street. The street was named after the Rt. Rev. Richard Ponsonby (1772-1853), Bishop of Derry and Raphoe, however by the 1850s the street had been renamed Clarendon Street in honour of the Fourth Earl of Clarendon, George Villiers (1800-1870), Lord Lieutentant of Ireland between 1847 and 1852. The second edtion of the Ordnance Survey map records that Ponsoby Street had been renamed Clarendon Street by at least 1853. Although the 1847 plan of Londonderry depicted that Clarendon Street extended from the quay up to Francis Street, only the bottom section of Clarendon Street (between the Strand Road and Queen Street) had been laid out by 1853.

The development of Clarendon Street progressed slowly throughout the 1850s. Mullin records that development of the remainder of the street did not recommence until the mid-1850s. In 1851 Skipton & Miller had advertised building ground on Clarendon Street, Queen Street and Patrick Street to be let in perpetuity. Griffith’s Valuation recorded that only nine dwellings had been constructed along the entire length of the street by 1856. In that year additional leases were advertised for building ground on the northern side of Clarendon Street (Mullin, p. 117).

No. 61 Clarendon Street, along with the adjoining nos 55-59, was constructed in 1872, almost a decade after the majority of the Georgian-style dwellings on the street had been completed. Nos 59-61 Clarendon Street were constructed for a Mr. Patrick Murray and in 1872 each were valued at £33. Throughout its history the occupants of Clarendon Street were of the city’s merchant and professional classes. In 1901 No. 61 was occupied by a Ms. Mary Morrison. The census of that year described this house as a 1st class dwelling that consisted of ten rooms. In 1905 ownership of No. 61 Clarendon Street passed from Patrick Murray to Selina Gosselin, who continued to be recorded as owner in the valuation sources until the 1970s. The value of No. 61 was increased to £41 under the First Revaluation (1935) but was subsequently decreased to £38 under the Second Revaluation (1956-72); the building remained in use as a private dwelling throughout these periods.

In 1978 the Department of the Environment designated Clarendon Street (and the surrounding streets) a Conservation Area ‘being an area of special architectural or historic interest, the character of which it is desirable to preserve or enhance’ (Londonderry Clarendon Street Conservation Area Booklet). No. 61 Clarendon Street was subsequently listed in 1979. The NIEA HB Records note that the private dwelling was converted into a number of self-contained flats in c. 1988. The conversion of the building also included the installation of a new dormer window. In 1993 No. 61 Clarendon Street underwent conservation works which involved the reslating of its roof, the reconstruction of one of its chimneys and the repointing of its façade brickwork (NIEA HB Records).

In 2013 Calley simply described nos 55-61 Clarendon Street as ‘rendered late-19th century terrace houses … three-bays each, the ground floors rendered with round-headed bays linked by a shoulder course which creates an arcaded feel,’ noting that nos 55-61 Clarendon Street ‘are treated as a single terrace, but are grouped in pairs to accommodate the change is street level’ (Calley, p. 114). Few of the mid-Victorian townhouses along Clarendon Street are now occupied as residential dwellings. The majority of the three-storey buildings were converted into offices for local dentists, solicitors and accountancy firms in the late-20th century. During the Second Survey No. 61 Clarendon Street continued to be subdivided into a number of residential flats.

References

Primary Sources
1. PRONI OS/6/5/20/1 – First Edition Ordnance Survey Map (1830)
2. PRONI OS/6/5/20/2 – Second Edition Ordnanec Survey Map (1853)
3. PRONI VAL/2/B/5/16G – Griffith’s Valuation (1856)
4. PRONI VAL/12/B/32/11B-ZA – Annual Revisions (1862-1897)
5. PRONI VAL/12/B/33/2C-2F – Annual Revisions (1898-1931)
6. PRONI VAL/3/B/6/4 – First General Revaluation of Property in Northern Ireland (1935)
7. PRONI VAL/4/B/5/13 – Second General Revaluation of Property in Northern Ireland (1956-72)
8. Robert Simpson’s ‘Annals of Derry’ (1847)
9. O’Hagan’s plan of Londonderry (1847)
10. Census of Ireland (1901 / 1911)
11. Ulster Town Directories (1843-1918)
12. First Survey Record – HB01/21/005 (1970)
13. First Survey Image – HB01/21/005 (No Date)
14. NIEA HB Record – HB01/21/005AA

Secondary Sources
1. Calley, D., ‘City of Derry: An historical gazetteer to the buildings of Londonderry’ Belfast: Ulster Architectural Heritage Society, 2013.
2. Ferguson, W. S; Rowan, A. J; Tracey, J. J., ‘List of historic buildings, groups of buildings, areas of architectural importance in and near the city of Derry’ Belfast: Ulster Architectural Heritage Society, 1970.
3. Hume, J., ‘Derry beyond the walls: Social and economic aspects of the growth of Derry 1825-1850’ Belfast: Ulster Historical Foundation, 2002.
4. Mullin, T. H., Ulster’s Historic City: Derry – Londonderry’ Coleraine: Coleriane Bookshop, 1986.
5. Rowan, A. J., ‘The Buildings of Ireland: North West Ulster’ London: Yale University Press, 2003.
6. ‘Londonderry Clarendon Street Conservation Area Booklet’ Department of the Environment, 1978.
7. ‘Design Guide for Clarendon Street Conservation Area’ Department of the Environment, 2012.

Criteria for listing: architectural interest

A. Style
B. Proportion
C. Ornamentation
H-. Alterations detracting from building
J. Setting
K. Group value

Criteria for listing: historic interest

S. Authenticity
X. Local Interest
R. Age

Evaluation

Mid-terrace three storey (over basement) three-bay former house, built 1872 and located on the South side of Clarendon Street, near the junction with Princes St; the name of the architect is unknown. No.61 was built as one of four terraced houses, together with No. 55-59 (HB01.22.005 XX, Y & Z) as part of the outward expansion of the city; it shares group value with these adjoining properties. Although later, it reflects the rhythm and proportion of the terraces built earlier towards the lower end of the street, which are more Georgian in style, with a few details such as the round-arched windows, plasterwork and corbelled eaves brackets that distinguish it as Victorian. Despite some loss of original fabric inside, the exterior retains much of its original character and this is further augmented by the ornate cast iron railings to the front. The intact terrace, set amongst several similar rows of neat townhouses that step down in a strong linear formation towards the River Foyle, is of special architectural interest due to the unique quality it contributes to the Clarendon Street Conservation Area.