Bastioned fort

The National Monuments Service's description

On a low prominence in a triangle of land formed by the river Dinin (also known as the river Deen) flowing N-S to the E and its tributary the river Cloghogue, flowing E-W to the N. At the NE end of Castlecomer town, where the Avalon House hotel is currently located and c. 120m NW of the bridge over the Dinin.
During the 1641 Rising c. 400 English Protestant planters, which had been brought over to occupy the Wandesforde estate and Castlecomer town, took refuge in the ‘old castle on “the Garrison”’ (Carrigan 1905, vol. 2, 159; Ó Drisceoil 2018, 53). The castle, which held out for more than three months, was surrendered in March 1642 to the Catholic Confederate forces, led by Captain John Bryan and Captain Phillip Purcell (Carrigan 1905, vol. 2, 159). Immediately following this Richard Butler was directed by Mountgarret to take of over the ‘Castle & fort’ of Castlecomer from their fellow rebels, the ‘fort’ possibly refers to the bastioned fort (Ó Drisceoil 2018, 55). A petition of 1653 from William Wandesforde to the Commonwealth government relates how Wandesforde and his family had been forced to flee their house and estate in Castlecomer when the Rising broke out and could only return after the estate had been secured by the English Parliamentary forces, thanks to ‘an English garrison placed there’ (ibid. 57). The garrison fort is not mentioned in historical sources relating to the Williamite Wars or to the later 1798 rebellion when the United Irishmen fought the Crown Forces in the ‘Battle of Comer’ and the town and original Wandesforde residence were burnt (ibid. 58). The fact that the bastioned fort is not mentioned in the detailed records of the later battle, which took place in and around the streets of Castlecomer, suggests that it no longer functioned as a military fort by this date (ibid.).
A roughly square or rectangular fort enclosed by a battered wall of roughly coursed limestone rubble with a rubble core (T 1.6m) with pointed bastions/flankers (NE max. ext. dims. 21.4m x 21m) projecting from each corner and an external moat (Wth 10.8m; D ˃ 0.8m) (ibid. 62, 73-4). The flankers were perpendicular to the curtain wall, forming a right-angled re-entrant and the two faces formed a salient angle of 70 degrees (ibid. 62). The moat may originally have been wet, perhaps fed via a leat from the Cloghogue tributary (ibid. 74). The 1812, ‘Plan of the Town of Castlecomer’ by James Healy shows much of the N and E portion of the bastioned fort surviving, including the N and E walls, as well as the NE and SE corner bastions and part of the NW corner bastion (ibid. 56 fig. 7, 58). The fort occupied a large portion of the NE side of the town, fronting onto the main street (Bridge/High Street), though by the early 19th century house plots had begun to encroach on the W side and within the moat on the E side (ibid. 58-9). By the 1st (1839) ed. OS 6-inch map all but a possible fragment of the NW bastion and a short stretch of the S side of the E wall had been removed (ibid. 59). It is possible that an angular wall at the rear of a coal-yard on the N side of High Street may form part of the NW corner bastion, but heavy ivy-cover has obscured the nature of the walling (ibid. 71). An archaeological excavation (Excavation No. 16E0183) by Cóilín Ó Drisceoil in 2018 revealed the NE portion (N L 10.8m of the total estimated L of 18.9m; E L 18.9m) of the NE corner bastion and portion (L 6.5m) of the S bastion flank (ibid. 63, fig. 12, 65). Based on the available evidence Ó Drisceoil (2018, 71) estimates that this was a square bastioned fort (ext. dims. including moat 120m x 120m; int. main square 65m x 65m), overall occupying 3.5 acres.

Compiled by: Jean Farrelly

Date of upload: 18 January 2022

References

Carrigan, Rev. W. 1905 (Reprint 1981) The history and antiquities of the diocese of Ossory, 4 vols. Kilkenny. Roberts Books and Wellbrook Press.

Ó Drisceoil, C. 2018 Excavation of a seventeenth century bastioned fort at High Street, Castlecomer, Co. Kilkenny. Old Kilkenny Review 70, 45-77.