House - early medieval

The National Monuments Service's description

In 1996, archaeological excavation (Licence No. 96E0391 ext.) of the whole of the interior of the keep of Maynooth Castle (KD005-015----) was undertaken for Dúchas, The Heritage Service, before the development of the ground floor as an exhibition space. Seven main phases of occupation of the site were evidenced.
Part of a rectangular prehistoric building (designated KD005-015001-) was the stratigraphically earliest structure uncovered. No finds were associated with it; however, a stone axe head and unfinished macehead, as well as a number of waste flakes of flint, were uncovered in early medieval contexts and may derive from the structure.
At least two small post-and-wattle round houses (designated KD005-015002- and KD005-015003-), each c. 5m in diameter, were constructed over the prehistoric remains and are probably of early medieval date. No datable finds were recovered from them, but excellent carbon samples were retrieved from their hearths and post-holes. The latest of the round houses (designated KD005-015003-) appears to have had a curving wooden stockade added to one side of it. The house would appear to be contemporary with the beginning of the cultivation of the site, which was evidenced by regularly spaced shallow furrows. The cultivation later overwhelmed the house and continued until the arrival of the Anglo-Normans.
The site appears to have fallen into Norman hands in around 1175. The remains of a mound of sod c. 1m high were uncovered dating to the beginning of the Anglo-Norman occupation. The remains of a rectangular post-and-wattle building (designated KD005-015004-) survived on top of the mound, which was delimited by a stout wooden fence with an entrance in its east side. An arrowhead, an iron spur and a scabbard chape were amongst the finds from this level. Pottery consisted of Ham Green ware. It is not clear into what category of site the settlement fits.
The initial construction of the stone keep, probably in the late-1180s, was evidenced by thick mortar slicks. The original keep was divided into two rooms by three piers that supported the first floor.
(Hayden, A. Maynooth Castle, Maynooth. No. 1999:405. Prehistoric and early medieval settlement and Anglo-Norman castle. 96E0391 ext. [Online] Available at http://www.excavations.ie) [Accessed 11 August 2009]

Compiled by: Gearóid Conroy

Date of upload: 10 June 2011